The Arab Entrepreneurship Summit, the 1^st summit for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Arab world, were concluded in Amman under the auspices of Crown Prince Hussein bin Abdullah II and the presence of Jordanian Prime Minister Dr. Bishr Al-Khasawneh, representing the Crown Prince. The summit was organized by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) in cooperation with the Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation (JEDCO). This summit was organized during from October 30 to November 1, under the title: Opportunities Beyond Borders.

This summit comes after ESCWA launched last April an e-Commerce Acceleration Programme (eCAP) to enable small and medium enterprises to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the digital economy, and to contribute to creating a vibrant environment for entrepreneurship in the Arab region. The program aimed to build the capacities of 100 small and medium enterprises from the Arab region to move to online selling, either by developing their own e-commerce websites, or by selling in the markets that already exist on internet.

The importance of the summit stems from the fact that it constitutes support for entrepreneurship for small and medium enterprises in the Arab region, at a time when entrepreneurship has become a global trend, especially in view of the enormous youth energy that the Arab world enjoys and the structural problems that the labor market suffers from. According to UNICEF figures, children and youth make up about half of the population of the Middle East and North Africa (the Arab region), which is home to one of the highest youth unemployment rates in the world.

Statistics of the International Labor Organization show that there are more than 14 million unemployed in the Arab countries, where the youth unemployment rate in the Arab region is almost double the global rate, and it has grown at a rate of 2.5 times, which is faster than the global average between 2010 and 2021. The region needs to create more than 33.3 million new jobs by 2030, to reduce the overall unemployment rate to 5 percent and to be able to absorb the large number of young people entering the labor market and stabilize youth unemployment rates (unicef).

Small and medium-sized enterprises are considered one of the most hiring projects for workers, and they help reduce unemployment rates, which have risen recently due to the prevailing political conditions in the Arab countries.

According to a study conducted by the Arab Youth Center, under the title “Priorities of Arab Youth”, on the eve of the International Youth Day, and reviewed the priorities of the young people surveyed in 21 Arab countries, strengthening sources of income and providing job opportunities was among the priorities of young people, as the youth’s suggestions included the need to provide financial incentives for those wishing to establish private projects and start-up companies, at a rate of 45 percent of the number of participants (arabyouthcenter).

With more than 135 million internet users in the Arab world, a new generation of tech-savvy entrepreneurs is emerging. This region is expected to record strong growth over the coming decades in terms of both population and GDP (refer to our previous article: Emerging Arab World and Business Opportunities in spite of the Political Turmoil SAE).

According to a report of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (unescwa), the population size is growing rapidly in the Arab region. The total population of the region has more than tripled from 123.5 million in 1970 to 284.1 million in 2000 and 398.5 million in 2015. The Arab region is home to about 5.4 percent of the world's total population in 2015, compared to only 3.3 percent in 1970 and 4.6 percent in 2000. According to this report, these demographic trend is upward for the period 2015-2050, and population of the region is expected to exceed 520.7 million by 2030. At the same time, the real GDP is expected to grow during the coming period (on the basis of purchasing power parity) at amazing rates (we had talked about in a previous article, SAE).

Small and medium-sized companies constitute more than 90% of all companies in the Arab world, and they provide new job opportunities for young people, and they are considered an effective engine for change and development. However, despite the improvement witnessed by these companies in recent years, they still face great challenges that hinder their development.

The summit aimed to bring together the various official and private bodies in the Arab countries to help Arab small and medium enterprises to access regional and international markets, deal with various financing sources, benefit from regional and international networks, and increase their ability to expand in foreign markets.

This summit brought together about 650 participants, including entrepreneurs, owners of small and medium companies, representatives of financing organizations, as well as representatives of governments from across the Arab region, in addition to regional and international decision makers from the public and private sectors.

The summit was inaugurated by the Jordanian Prime Minister, Bisher Al-Khasawneh, who emphasized the interest that the Jordanian government attaches to supporting small and medium enterprises.

In his opening speech, Youssef Al-Shamali, Minister of Industry, Trade and Supply and Minister of Labor, Chairman of the Jordanian Corporation for the Development of Economic Enterprises, stressed the importance of small and medium-sized companies, and said that this summit is an attempt to use the most effective means to support small projects in the Arab region, pointing out the role of these projects in supplying the national economies in the Arab region.

Al-Shamali pointed out that these small companies constitute more than 70% of the available jobs in the region and that they face many challenges related to financing. For example, the percentage of banking facilities provided to small and medium enterprises is limited to 9% of the total banking facilities.

He also stressed the importance of the summit to facilitate dialogue on the most effective ways to enable small and medium enterprises to access regional and global markets, and benefit from the opportunities provided by international networks and build institutional capacities among Arab entrepreneurs.

The Under Secretary General of the United Nations and Executive Secretary of ESCWA, Rola Dashti, affirmed that the summit comes as a bridge between decision and policy makers and entrepreneurs looking to advance our societies to find ways to achieve the desired development goals.

She also confirmed that the contribution of small enterprises to the GDP in the Arab region is less than 10% and that most of these enterprises operate in the informal sector, stressing the role that small and medium enterprises can play in achieving higher economic growth and reducing unemployment among youth.

The main idea of the summit is cross-border opportunities. The organizers believe that ​​cross-border opportunities and connection of these projects and their products to global supply chains, will support these projects and their continuity and growth over longer periods of time.

Over the course of three days, the summit dealt with several topics, including environmentally friendly (green) entrepreneurship, facilitating the access of entrepreneurs to global markets, access to financing, and emerging technology trends. The means that can be used to strengthen partnerships and help Arab small and medium enterprises to access regional and international markets were discussed, in addition to mobilizing various financial resources, not to mention, discussions between governments and the private sector to develop frameworks for improved policies related to small and medium enterprises.

This summit constituted a regional platform for meeting local and international leaders from the private and public sectors, and a good opportunity to influence decision-makers in order to draw up the necessary policies and strategies to support small and medium enterprises.

During the summit, 20 main sessions and ten side activities were held, including an exhibition of many leading and emerging companies from the Arab world.

The first day witnessed series of specialized panel discussions on market access opportunities and global value chains. Examples of successful and inspiring projects were presented, such as Kuwait Flowered represented by Abdulaziz B. Al Loughani, Founder, and the Global Cargo, Travelers Services and subsequently Global Group, represented by Bahraini entrepreneur Huda Janahi. Which managed to become transboundary and expanded regionally and internationally, and it has received many praises and awards from regional and international organizations.

While Fabio Russo, Chief SME Development and Job Creation Unit, UNIDO, focused on the readiness of infrastructure for small and medium enterprises and the availability of electronic services.

On the other hand, Dana Al-Zoubi, Secretary General of the Jordanian Ministry of Industry, Trade and Supply, focused on the need to provide specialized programs for guidance and counseling for emerging projects to help them face the challenges and overcome the difficulties they encounter during the foundational stages.

The discussion touched on the importance of financing and stimulating entrepreneurial projects through the allocation of soft loans with easy terms, in a session attended by Nadia Al Saeed, CEO of Bank al Etihad, and Chair of Endeavor Jordan, and Abdullah Al-Awadi, Head of Change Management at Kuwait International Bank, and Amer Bukevik of the Islamic Development Bank. The sessions were also attended by Rafik Feki from Industrial Development Officer, Division of Digital Transformation and AI Strategies, UNIDO, and Rana Nawas, founder of the podcast 'When Women Win', Palestine. The sessions stressed the need to unify regulations in Arab countries, to facilitate trade and export operations, especially electronic payment operations and legislation regulating electronic commerce.

Abdullah Al-Awadi, from Kuwait International Bank, said that the bank found a gap in the Kuwaiti market in the early stages of small and medium enterprises, as the gap was bridged by establishing a center that supports entrepreneurs in the first stages of their projects to increase their chances of success, stressing that the importance of this conference in allowing the gathering all the pioneers and economic investors face to face to be able to communicate properly.

The second day included various workshops, starting with a session on opportunities for small and medium enterprises to adapt to the green environment, with the participation of international institutions from Switzerland (Johannes Heeb, Founder of Seecon International GmbH), Belgium (Lieve Fransen, Co-founder of Platform for Transformative Technologies), Germany (Aline Bussmann, Green Businesses Consultant, Germany) (Katja Muelheim, CEO of Prestel & Partner, Germany), Spain (Mohamed Wageih, PRIMA Secretariat Project Office), active in the environmental field. In another session, there were discussion about special programs to support small and medium enterprises, in which Fares Akkad, Regional Director for META in the Middle East, spoke. Mirna Sleiman, Chief Executive Officer of Fintech Galaxy, Lebanon, and Ramez El Serafy, CEO at Flat6Labs, Egypt, and Adi Ghuneim, Director of Governate Development Fund, from Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation.

In addition to the sessions and discussion panels, three specialized workshops were held on capacity building and exchange of experiences, in cooperation with specialized experts from the World Trade Center (ITC), the University of Cambridge and the Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation.

Al-Wessam International for Electronic Marketing was among the participants in the summit. It is a rising company working to promote Palestinian products in international markets through its brand “Ard Al-Khair” (https://ardalkhair.ch), with an office in Switzerland, it is looking forward to becoming a marketplace for Palestinian products and a gateway for doing business between Palestine, Switzerland and Europe, though helping Palestinian products to access global markets.

The summit included an exhibition for about 100 small and medium-sized companies to enable them to display their products and facilitate the exchange of experiences, networking, and strengthening partnerships. It was found that many of the participating projects are related to the environment, which indicates that Arab youth are aware of environmental issues and climate change, and that donors tend to support this type of project.

Donna Natural from Egypt was among the exhibiting companies. It seeks to enable women to feel good and express themselves by helping them take care of their skin and look decent, by creating a natural dry shampoo to clean hair and prevent damage due to frequent use of water (www.donnanatural.com). Another company, Sefpro, Egyptian, that specializes in textiles and clothing products made of Egyptian cotton. The company has branches in both the UAE and the United Kingdom. Its products are certified by Fairtrade and Gots. Another, Tia for Development and Management Consultancy Company, from Yemen, is specialized in developing humanitarian work and works on preparing humanitarian, social, economic and environmental studies and research, in addition to evaluating humanitarian projects (www.tiadsc.com).

It was noted that there are many companies, especially in the field of electronic commerce, educational technology and green technology. The Entrepreneurship Summit concluded with commitment to give financial support to SMEs by the partners and supporters of the summit and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), a commitment of more than $130 million.

In conclusion, we believe that holding such conferences at the Arab level is important, and that the efforts being made to improve the business environment and support entrepreneurship in the Arab countries are exactly what the Arab world needs in light of these difficult times in the region.

In recent years, many Arab governments have already introduced regulatory reforms aimed at improving business environments, but there is more that can be done to reach the desired goals and create an environment that attracts entrepreneurship, especially in the digital field, such as removing barriers that prevent cross-border trade, improving the logistical environment between Arab countries, providing access to high-speed Internet services (broadband) for all residents, especially in rural areas, spreading digital payment systems, reforming electronic commerce regulations and consumer protection (look at the World Bank report on Middle East and North Africa[1]). There is also a need to accelerate the creation of a unified Arab market and supporting the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises to improve their chances of survival in light of the fierce competition they face on the international markets (read our article[2]).

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[1] World Bank, Middle East and North Africa Economic Update (read).

[2] For more information, please refer to our previous article: Emerging Arab world and business opportunities in spite of the political turmoil (read).

Qatar has the fifth largest economy in the Arab World (After Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE and Iraq). The country's GDP has been growing steadily between 2010 and 2014, increasing from $125 billion to more than $206 billion in four years. Qatar's economy is driven primarily by the oil and gas industry. It holds the third largest gas reserves in the world (estimated at 12% of the global total in 2021) behind Russia and Iran. The Emirate’s economy is thus heavily concentrated in the gas industry, which represents two-thirds of its GDP and almost 80% of export earnings. Qatar's liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment and made Qatar the world’s largest exporter of this commodity.

The country enjoys one of the highest GNI per capita in the world (about $65,000 according to IMF projections for 2022) and has a high-spending consumer population. By boosting its liquified natural gas (LNG) capacity by about 40% in the coming years, Qatar’s wealth will keep increasing.

Although economic diversification represents a long-term challenge, Qatar has a large resource base that can be used to boost development of non-hydrocarbon sectors.

Source: 1. seco, 2. OECD, data for 2021 (oecd), 3. OECD, data for 2022.

Qatar is hosting the World Cup which serves as a vehicle to achieve the Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030), a government initiative to transform Qatar into a global society and provide a higher standard of living. According to this plan, the projects to be performed are intended to promote post-tournament sustainability. The World Cup is expected to positively contribute to the country's domestic economic activity, the construction sector in particular is booming.

Investment climate in Qatar

Among the major advantages of Qatar's investment climate are the country's competitive economy, national currency (that is characterized by a very stable exchange rate), high quality infrastructure, and a very favourable tax environment. In addition, Qatar has two economic zones that offer special benefits to foreign businesses - the Qatar Financial Center (QFC) and the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP). Qatar's well-developed financial sector can also be regarded as an advantageous feature of the country's investment climate. The country has big interest in attracting high-tech products and services to its market. Among the main disadvantages of Qatar's investment climate are relatively small market size and strong reliance of the economy on the public sector. (Reserve your copy of the Doing Business Guide for Qatar link).

Qatar-Switzerland Economic Relations

Qatar and Switzerland will celebrate 50 years of diplomatic ties in 2023. Culturally, the two are worlds apart, but both are small countries that play an outsized role in international politics and business.

According to State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) Qatar is Switzerland's 5^th largest trading partner in the Middle East (the United Arab Emirates tops the list) (or 63^rd place internationally), with a trade volume totalling CHF708 million ($715 million) in 2021 (trade was down a whopping 52% compared to 2020). According to SECO the volume of trade for the first nine months of the current year already amounts to around two billion francs. Historically trade volume has increased considerably with an upward trend during the last two decades.


Source: Swiss Federal Office for Customs.

The flow of goods mainly goes in one direction, from Switzerland to Qatar. Imports from Qatar, on the other hand, are negligible, in particular because Switzerland is not a buyer of the main Qatari export resource: gas. The two countries have created the necessary framework conditions for increased economic exchanges through a set of agreements such as investment protection, double taxation, free trade (through the GCC and the EFTA) and air transport.

Benefiting from a free trade agreement (through the Gulf Cooperation Council and the European Free Trade Association), a double taxation agreement and an investment protection agreement, economic relations between Switzerland and Qatar come under comprehensive bilateral framework conditions.
Watches and jewellery, precious metals and pharmaceuticals accounted for most exports to the emirate (Federal Office for Customs).


Source: Swiss Federal Office for Customs.



Source: Swiss Federal Office for Customs.

In a sign of the importance it attaches to doing business in Qatar, the Swiss Business Hub, which offers help to Swiss companies looking to establish a presence in foreign markets, has its Middle East office in the Qatari capital. Some 30 Swiss firms in Qatar employ around 1,000 people in the country. The majority of Swiss companies present in Qatar are suppliers in the field of infrastructure and energy. The customer base includes the oil and gas sector, the petrochemical industry as well as water and wastewater management. There we can find for example Endress + Hauser, the specialist in measuring instruments, Nestlé, industrial group ABB, Holcim, Georg Fischer for Watches, Sika in the chemical industry (Watson) and Glencore¹ Switzerland is interested to launch a dialogue with the local companies and the authorities on new technologies, such as in the area of cybersecurity.

Recently top officials from both countries have held meetings during a forum called the Swiss-Qatar Mixed Commission in September 2022. The Federal Councilor Ueli Maurer and Finance Minister Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, met in Zurich, to talk economic opportunities according to the business federation economiesuisse. In the midst of an energy crisis and the war in Ukraine, the purchase of liquefied natural gas from the world’s biggest exporter was a major topic, with the Qataris reportedly open to supplying the Swiss market (economiesuisse). Also different aspects of the real economy were discussed during the different meetings. Qatar is very interested in Swiss know-how. In view of the Football World Cup, Qatar is planning to modernize the construction sector and make it more sustainable, as significant sums will continue to be invested in infrastructure. A large water recycling plant is currently planned. This is exciting news for Swiss companies that are at the forefront of this field. Closer collaboration has also been established in the area of intellectual property protection in particular to better identify counterfeit watches.

Swiss banks are also interested to expand in the Qatari market. UBS announced plans to establish a services hub. Credit Suisse, meanwhile, is willing to open a new tech centre in partnership with the Investment Promotion Agency Qatar. Other sectors too want to further entre the market in the emirate. Swiss hospitals and hotels are looking for partnerships in Qatar and to boosting medical tourism in Switzerland.

What are Qatar’s interests in Switzerland?

Qatar has different investments in Switzerland through the Qatari sovereign wealth fund, the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), with investments in several sectors totalling close to CHF1 billion, such luxury hotels like the Schweizerhof in Bern and the Bürgenstock Resort on Lake Lucerne. During the financial crisis, it helped shore up Credit Suisse by buying convertible bonds and taking a 5% share in the bank (swissinfo).

The Geneva International Motor Show also signed a deal with Qatar Tourism to bring the popular event to Doha. In 2023 the motor show will take place exclusively in the Qatari city (Gims.swiss).

The World Cup as a driver for economic diversification

Qatar wants to diversify its economy away from fossil fuels, toward a sustainable economy. Hosting the World Cup is part of Qatar National Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and provide a high standard of living for the people. In total, it would be more than 200 billion dollars invested by Qatar to organize one of the biggest sporting events. An event that is expected to generate new activities and boost economic growth.

The State of Qatar has spent 220 billion dollars on infrastructure and giant development projects that have been spent in the 11 years since it won the hosting of the World Cup, and this is the highest number ever spent in the system of this world championship (Al-Jazeera).


Source: DW *Includes spending on infrastructure projects. Values not adjusted for inflation - as of April 2022
For Qatar: The cost of constructing of stadiums, according to official data, is about $7 billion.

Qatar built 8 stadiums according to the latest international standards, namely: Al-Bayt (hosting the opening of the World Cup), Khalifa International, Lusail, Al-Janoub, Education City, Ahmed bin Ali, Al-Thumama, and 974. The cost of constructing of stadiums, according to official data, is about $7 billion.

The Qatari government expects that tourism spending and economic activities associated with this World Cup will add the equivalent of 1.5% to gross domestic product. It is expected that tourism revenues from this tournament will reach about $7.5 billion, according to Capital Economics. Between 1.2 million and 1.7 million fans are expected to arrive in Qatar.

The International Monetary Fund and Bloomberg Agency say that the Qatari economy will reap financial revenues from organizing the World Cup estimated at tens of billions of dollars, including a jump in foreign direct investment in Qatar before and after that world championship. The International Monetary Fund expects economic growth in Qatar to reach 3.4% in 2022 and 2.4% in 2023; Supported and driven by many basic economic factors, including the country's hosting of the World Cup.

Such expectations prompted the Qatari government to aspire to the country becoming a regional centre for business, and even to increase the number of tourists to reach to reach 6 million tourists annually by 2030. Doha is actually a city with one of the fastest-growing hotel and hospitality markets in the world. Over 150 new hotels have been built for the FIFA World Cup. In fact, the World Cup is only one point in the long history of Qatar as a hub for sports and other kinds of cultural activities, all of which makes it an attractive tourist destination (Euronews).

According to Sheikha Alanoud Al Thani, Deputy CEO and Chief Business Officer of the Qatar Financial Centre, a successful World Cup in Qatar is a kind opportunity to put Qatar on the international business and economic map, adding that Qatar's financial commitments into building an infrastructure capable of hosting the World Cup has given many companies a boost, especially in the field of sports technology (Euronews).

The World Cup is a highly effective international marketing platform, that reaches millions of people in over 200 countries around the world. Not all countries have benefited in the same way. The list of the official FIFA partners includes: Adidas (ADS), Coca Cola (KO), Wanda, Hyundai, Kia, Qatar Airways, Qatar Energy and Visa². Switzerland has been able to pull out of the game, in particular thanks to the Swiss company Nüssli, active in the construction of stands. The company has set up a system of air-conditioned and removable stands. The estimated budget is around $700 million.

Criticisms directed at Qatar concerning labour force and relevant regulations

World Cup in Qatar is an object of boycott calls from some politicians and human rights organizations in European countries concerning foreign workers rights.

But Qatar has undergone serious significant domestic reforms. It is the first country in the region to introduce a minimum wage last year and formally abolished the kafala (sponsorship) system for migrant workers.

According to ILO reports, Qatar had undertaken substantial efforts in the areas of labour migration governance, the enforcement of the labour law and access to justice, and strengthening the voice of workers and social dialogue, which have improved the working and living conditions for hundreds of thousands of workers.

In March 2021, Qatar became the first country in the Gulf region to adopt a non-discriminatory minimum wage that applies to all workers, of all nationalities, in all sectors, including domestic work, in addition to legislations concerning occupational safety and health & labour inspection such as the prohibiting of outdoor work between 10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m., access to justice, concerning the labour unions, new legislation has led to the establishment of joint worker-management committees at the enterprise level (ILO).

Qatar’s labour minister responded to the allegations about the conditions of migrant workers involved in construction work for the World Cup, saying a mechanism is already in place for those seeking compensation. “At least $350 million has been given as compensation to workers,” he said.

Rita Schiavi, a former trade unionist with Unia (the largest workers' union in Switzerland), who is familiar with the case of stadium construction sites in Qatar for the World Cup, finds criticism of Qatar too harsh. In an interview published in the daily newspapers of CH Media, she finds that there are many misconceptions about Qatar, before highlighting the evolution of working conditions that she has seen during her visits to Qatar. She pointed out that there are many misconceptions in the West, and prejudices against the Arab-Muslim world, such as the obligation to wear the headscarf (20min)(also look at the reports on SRF of 04.11.2022 and SRF of 10.11.2022).

In a fiery news conference in the Qatari capital on the eve of the tournament, FIFA President Gianni Infantino, attacked European critics on Qatar regarding issues of migrant workers and gay rights. He said, “Who cares about workers’ rights?!, “We in Europe close our borders and do not allow any worker from developing countries to work in our lands legally” he said, noting that there are many who work illegally, while Qatar provides them with this opportunity.

He added: “I have difficulties understanding the criticism. We have to invest in helping these people, in education and to give them a better future and more hope. We should all educate ourselves, many things are not perfect but reform and change takes time”, “I am European. For what we have been doing for 3,000 years around the world, we should be apologising for the next 3,000 years before giving moral lessons,” (Swissinfo³).

Swiss population vision on the World Cup in Qatar
The feeling of the Swiss population has been mixed, with concerns for the welfare of migrant workers, who make up the majority of workers in Qatar (95%). Many Swiss cities have chosen not to install fan zones or public viewings, justifying this decision by Qatar’s workers’ rights record.

Future vision
Finally, whatever scepticism and criticism prevail in the Western countries, Qatar was able to enter history as the first Arab and Muslim country to organize the World Cup, though sending a bright message about the history of the region and the importance of peace and cooperation between the people. Moreover, the World Cup represents a golden opportunity for the country to put itself on the world map changing the country’s image, and cliché about the Arab world, and most importantly, it is a strong tool to transform its economy into a modern, more diversified, highly digitised, and integrated into the global value chain. More is still needed to be done to achieve various urban development projects to achieve the country’s 2030 national vision’s sustainability goals, so creating opportunities and favourable conditions for foreign investors and visitors.

We, at Swiss Arab Entrepreneurs Platform, will be helping the different partners in order to seize the very interesting opportunities offered by the World Cup in Qatar today and in the future.

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1. British company with headquarter in Switzerland, The Guardian (Link).
2. Admiralmarkets (Link).
3. Swissinfo (https://bit.ly/3GWhbyA).

اختتمت فعاليات القمة العربية لريادة الاعمال في عمان برعاية ولي العهد الأمير الحسين بن عبد الله الثاني وحضور رئيس الوزراء الاردني الدكتور بشر الخصاونة مندوبًا عن ولي العهد، التي نظمتها لجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغربي آسيا (الإسكوا) بالتعاون مع المؤسسة الأردنية لتطوير المشاريع الاقتصادية (jedco) خلال الفترة من 30 تشرين الأول/اكتوبر ولغاية 1 تشرين الثاني/نوفمبر، تحت عنوان: فرص عابرة للحدود.

تأتي هذه القمة بعد أن أطلقت الإسكوا في إبريل/نيسان الماضي برنامجًا لتحفيز انتشار التجارة الإلكترونية (eCAP)، لتمكين المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسّطة في ظل النموّ الذي يشهده الاقتصاد الرّقمي، والمساهمة في إنشاء بيئة حيويّة لريادة الأعمال في المنطقة العربيّة. واستهدف البرنامج بناء قدرات 100 شركة صغيرة ومتوسطة من المنطقة العربية للانتقال إلى البيع عبر الإنترنت، إما عن طريق تطوير مواقع التجارة الإلكترونية الخاصة بها، أو عن طريق البيع في الأسواق الموجودة بالفعل على الشبكة العالمية.

تأتي أهمية المؤتمر من كونه يشكل دعما لريادة الأعمال للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في المنطقة العربية، في الوقت الذي أصبحت فيه ريادة الأعمال تشكل توجها عالميا، خاصة بالنظر الى الطاقة الشبابية الهائلة التي يتمتع بها العالم العربي والمشكلات الهيكلية التي يعاني منها سوق العمل. وبحسب ارقام منظمة اليونيسيف يشكّل الأطفال والشباب حوالي نصف سكان منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال إفريقيا (المنطقة العربية) وهي موطن لأعلى معدلات البطالة بين الشباب في العالم.

تبين إحصاءات منظمة العمل الدولية بان هناك اكثر من 14 مليون عاطل عن العمل في الدول العربية، حيث يبلغ معدل بطالة الشباب في المنطقة العربية ضعف المعدل العالمي تقريبًا، وقد نما بمعدل 2,5 مرة، وهو أسرع من المتوسط العالمي بين عامي 2010 و2021. وتحتاج المنطقة إلى خلق أكثر من 33.3 مليون فرصة عمل جديدة بحلول عام 2030، لخفض معدل البطالة الإجمالي إلى 5 في المائة ولتكون قادرة على استيعاب العدد الكبير من الشباب الذين يدخلون سوق العمل وتحقيق استقرار معدلات بطالة الشباب (المصدر).

تعتبر المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة واحدة من أكثر المشاريع توظيفا للعمالة وهي تساعد في الحد من معدلات البطلة التي ارتفعت مؤخرا جراء الظروف المتغيرة التي تشهدها البلدان العربية.

ووفقا لدراسة قام بها مركز الشباب العربي، تحت عنوان "أولويات الشباب العربي، عشية اليوم العالمي للشباب، واستعرضت أولويات الشباب الذين شملهم الاستطلاع في 21 دولة عربية، جاء تعزيز مصادر الدخل وتوفر فرص العمل ضمن أولويات الشباب، حيث شملت اقتراحات الشباب ضرورة تقديم حوافز مادية للراغبين بتأسيس مشاريع خاصة وشركات ناشئة بواقع 45 في المئة من عدد المشاركين (المصدر).

ومع وجود أكثر من 135 مليون مستخدم للإنترنت في العالم العربي، يظهر جيل جديد من رواد الأعمال المتمرسين في مجال التكنولوجيا. ومن المتوقع أن تسجل هذه المنطقة نموًا قويًا خلال العقود القادمة من حيث عدد السكان والناتج المحلي الإجمالي (يمكن الرجوع الى المقال الذي نشرناه في السابق: العالم العربي الناشئ وفرص الأعمال على الرغم من الاضطرابات السياسية - Emerging Arab world and business opportunities in spite of the political turmoil للمزيد).

ووفقا لتقرير اللجنة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغربي آسيا (المصدر) فان حجم السكان في نمو سريع في المنطقة العربية. فقد ازداد مجموع السكان في المنطقة أكثر من ثلاثة أضعاف من 123.5 مليونا ً في عام 1970 إلى 284.1 مليونا ً في عام 2000 و398.5 مليونا ً في عام 2015. وضمّت المنطقة العربية في عام 2015 حوالى 5.4 في المائة من مجموع سكان العالم، بعد أن كانت تضم ّ 3.3 في المائة في عام 1970 و4.6 في المائة في عام 2000. وفقا للتقرير فان هذه الاتجاهات الديمغرافية مستمرة خلال الفترة 2015-2050. حيث من المتوقع أن يتجاوز عدد سكان المنطقة 520.7 مليوناً بحلول عام 2030. وفي الوقت نفسه، من المتوقع أن ينمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الحقيقي خلال الفترة المقبلة (على أساس تعادل القوة الشرائية) بنسب مذهلة (كنا قد تحدثنا في مقال سابق للمزيد).

وتشكل الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة اكثر من 90% من الشركات في العالم العربي، وهي تقدم فرص عمل جديدة للشباب، وتعتبر محركا فعالا للتغيير والتنمية. لكن على الرغم من التحسن الذي شهدته هذه الشركات خلال السنوات الاخيرة الا أنها ما زالت تواجه تحديات كبيرة تعيق تنميتها.

وهدفت القمة إلى جمع مختلف الجهات الرسمية والخاصة في الدول العربية لمساعدة المشاريع العربية الصغيرة والمتوسطة للوصول إلى الأسواق الإقليمية والدولية، والتعامل مع مصادر التمويل المتنوعة، والاستفادة من الشبكات الإقليمية والدولية، وزيادة قدرتها على التوسع في الأسواق الخارجية.

وجمعت هذه القمة حوالي 650 مشارك ما بين رواد أعمال واصحاب شركات صغيرة ومتوسطة وممثلي لمنظمات التمويل وأيضا ممثلين عن الحكومات من شتى انحاء المنطقة العربية وبالإضافة الى صانعي قرار اقليميين ودوليين من القطاعين العام والخاص.

افتتح القمة رئيس الوزراء الأردني بشر الخصاونة، الذي اكد على الاهتمام الذي توليه الحكومة الاردنية لدعم المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة.

وفي كلمته الافتتاحية اكد يوسف الشمالي، وزير الصناعة والتجارة والتموين ووزير العمل، رئيس المؤسسة الاردنية لتطوير المشاريع الاقتصادية، على أهمية المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة، وقال بأن هذه القمة هي محاولة لاستخدام أنجع السبل من اجل دعم المشاريع الصغيرة في المنطقة العربية، مشيراً إلى دور هذه المشاريع في رفد الاقتصادات الوطنية في المنطقة العربية.

ولفت الشمالي إلى أن هذه الشركات الصغيرة تشكل أكثر من 70% من الوظائف المتاحة في المنطقة وأنها تواجه العديد من التحديات المتعلقة بالتمويل حيث تقتصر نسبةُ التسهيلات المصرفية المقدمة للمشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة على 9% من مجمل التسهيلات المصرفية.

كما أكد على أهمية القمة لتسهيل الحوار حول انجع السبل لتمكين المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة من الوصول الى الاسواق الاقليمية والعالمية والاستفادة من الفرص التي توفرها الشبكات الدولية وبناء القدرات المؤسسية لدى رواد الأعمال العرب.

بدورها اكدت وكيلة الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة والأمينة التنفيذية للإسكوا رولا دشتي ان القمة تأتي كجسر بين صانعي القرار والسياسات وأصحاب المشاريع المتطلعين إلى النهوض بمجتمعاتنا لإيجاد السبل لتحقيق الأهداف التنموية المنشودة.

كما اكدت بأن مساهمة المشاريع الصغيرة في الناتج المحلي في المنطقة العربية تقل عن 10% وأن معظم هذه المنشآت تعمل في القطاع غير المنظم، مؤكدة على الدور الرئيسي الذي يمكن أن تلعبه الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة أن تلعب في تحقيق نموّ اقتصادي أعلى وتخفيض نسب البطالة بين الشباب.

تعتبر الفكرة الرئيسية للقمة الفرص العابرة للحدود. يرى المنظمون ان فكرة الفرص العابرة للحدود وايصال هذه المشاريع ومنتجاتها بسلاسل الامداد العالمية مما سيدعم هذه المشاريع واستمراريتها ونموها على مدار فترات زمنية أطول بالإضافة.

تناولت القمة على مدار ثلاثة أيام عدة موضوعات، منها ريادة الاعمال الصديقة للبيئة (الخضراء)، تسهيل وصول الرياديين بمشاريعهم الى الاسواق العالمية، والوصول إلى التمويل، واتجاهات التكنولوجيا الناشئة.

وتم التطرق الى الوسائل التي يمكن اللجوء اليها لتعزيز الشراكات ومساعدة المشاريع العربية الصغيرة والمتوسطة على الوصول الى الاسواق الاقليمية والدولية اضافة الى تعبئة الموارد المالية المتنوعة ناهيك عن نقاشات بين الحكومات والقطاع الخاص لوضع اطر للسياسات المحسنة المعنية بالمشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة.

شكلت هذه القمة منصة إقليمية للقاء القادة المحليين والدوليين من القطاعين الخاص والعام وفرصة جيدة للتأثير على صناع القرار من اجل رسم السياسات والاستراتيجيات اللازمة لدعم المنشآت الصغيرة والمتوسطة.

عقد أثناء القمة 20 جلسة رئيسية وعشرة نشاطات جانبية من ضمنها معرض للعديد من الشركات الريادية والناشئة من العالم العربي.

وقد شهد اليوم الأول مجموعة من حلقات النقاش المتخصصة حول فرص الوصول إلى الأسواق وسلاسل القيمة العالمية. وتم عرض نماذج لمشاريع ناجحة وملهمة كشركة فوريد الكويت ممثلة بالمؤسس والرئيس التنفيذي عبد العزيز اللوغاني، والشركة العالمية للشحن ممثلة برائدة الأعمال البحرينية هدى جناحي، التي تمكنت من أن تصبح عابرة للحدود وتوسّعت إقليمياً ودولياَ ونالت إشادات وجوائز عدة من منظمات إقليمية وعالمية، بينما ركز فابيو روسو مدير المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في اليونيدو على مدى جاهزية البنى التحتية للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة وتوفر الخدمات الالكترونية. من جهة أخرى ركزت دانا الزعبي امين عام وزارة الصناعة والتجارة والتموين الأردني على ضرورة توفير برامج متخصصة للتوجيه والارشاد للمشاريع الناشئة لمساعدتها في مواجهة التحديات وتخطّي الصعوبات التي ستواجهها خلال المراحل التأسيسية.

وتطرّق النقاش الى أهمية التمويل وتحفيز المشاريع الريادية من خلال تخصيص قروض ميسرة سهلة الشروط في جلسة شاركت بها من الاردن مدير بنك الاتحاد ناديا السعيد وعبد الله العوضي من البنك الدولي الكويتي وعامر بوكيفيك من بنك التنمية الإسلامي. كما تطرقت الجلسات التي شارك بها رفيق الفيقي من وحدة التنمية الصناعية في منظمة اليونيدو، ورنا نواس مؤسسة المدوَنة الصوتية ’عندما تفوز النساء‘ الى ضرورة توحيد الأنظمة في الدول العربية خصوصاً الدول الحدودية لتسهيل عمليات التجارة والتصدير خاصة عمليات الدفع الالكتروني وتشريعات تنظيم التجارة الالكترونية.

وقال المتحدث عبد الله العوضي من بنك الكويت الدولي، أن البنك وجد فجوة في سوق الكويت في المراحل الأولى للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة، حيث تم سد الفجوة من خلال تأسيس مركز يدعم المبادرين في المراحل الأولى من مشاريعهم لزيادة فرصهم في النجاح، مؤكدا على أن أهمية هذا المؤتمر تأتي بما يتيحه هو تواصل كافة الرواد والمستثمرين الاقتصاديين وجهاً لوجه للتمكن من الاتصال الصحيح.

 
اشتملت فعاليات اليوم الثاني على ورش عمل مختلفة بدأت بجلسة عن الفرص المتاحة للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في التكيف مع البيئة الخضراء بمشاركة مؤسسات دولية من سويسرا (يوهانس هيب، مؤسس Seecon International GmbH) وبلجيكا لييف فرانسن (المؤسس المشارك في منصة Transformative Technologies)، وألمانيا (الين بوسمان من شركة الاستشارات Green Businesses Consultant و كاتيا مولهايم المؤسس والرئيس التنفيذي لشركة Prestel & Partner المتخصصة بمنتديات مكاتب الشركات العائلية) واسبانيا (محمد وجيه من مؤسسة بريما (PRIMA) التي تنشط في المجال البيئي وتهدف من ضمن موضوعات عدة الى معالجة التحديات في تغير المناخ، والنمو السكاني والأمن الغذائي ضمن منطقة البحر المتوسط. كما تم الحديث في جلسة ثانية عن البرامج الخاصة لدعم للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة تحدث فيها فارس العقاد المدير الإقليمي لشركة ميتا (META) في الشرق الأوسط وميرنا سليمان من مؤسسة فينتك غالاكسي (Fintech Galaxy) في لبنان ورامز الصرافي المدير التنفيذي لحاضنة الأعمال فلات 6 لاب من مصر (Flat6Labs) وعدي غنيم من المؤسسة الأردنية لتطوير المشاريع الاقتصادية.

عقد بالتزامن مع الجلسات النقاشية ثلاث ورشات عمل متخصصة حول بناء القدرات وتبادل الخبرات بالتعاون مع خبراء مختصين من مركز التجارة العالمي (ITC)، وجامعة كمبريدج والمؤسسة الأردنية لتطوير المشاريع الاقتصادية.

كان من بين المشاركين في القمة شركة الوسام العالمية للتسويق الالكتروني، وهي شركة صاعدة تعمل على ترويج المنتجات الفلسطينية في الاسواق الدولية من خلال علامتها التجارية "ارض الخير" (https://ardalkhair.ch)، وهي متواجدة أيضا في سويسرا وتتطلع لأن تكون سوقًا الكترونية للمنتجات الفلسطينية وبوابة لممارسة الأعمال التجارية بين فلسطين وسويسرا وأوروبا، وهو ما سيشكل دعما للمنتجات الفلسطينية عبر الوصول الى السوق السويسري والأسواق العالمية.

 تضمنت القمة معرضا شاركت فيه نحو 100 من الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم لتمكينها من عرض منتجاتها وتسهيل تبادل الخبرات والتشبيك، وتعزيز الشراكات.

كان من بين الشركات العارضة شركة دونا ناتشرال (Donna natural) من مصر، وهي تسعى الى تمكين النساء من الشعور بالرضا والتعبير عن ذواتهن من خلال مساعدتهن على العناية ببشرتهن والظهور بمظهر لائق، عبر ابتكار شامبو جاف طبيعي لتنظيف الشعر والحيلولة دون تلفه بسبب استخدام الماء المتكرر (www.donnanatural.com)، وشركة سيفبرو (Sefpro) من مصر، متخصصة في المنسوجات ومنتجات الألبسة المصنوعة من القطن المصري. يوجد للشركة فروع في كل من الإمارات والمملكة المتحدة. وتتمتع منتجاتها بشهادة معتمدة من Fairtrade and Gots، وشركة تيا للاستشارات التنموية والإدارية، من اليمن، وهي مختصة بتطوير العمل الإنساني وتعمل على اعداد الدراسات والابحاث الإنسانية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والبيئية، بالإضافة الى تقييم المشاريع الإنسانية www.tiadsc.com.

تبيّن أن العديد من المشاريع المشاركة متعلقة بالبيئة مما يشير إلى وجود وعي لدى الشباب العربي في قضايا البيئة والتغير المناخي، وإلى توجه الجهات المانحة إلى دعم هذا النوع من المشاريع.

لوحظ وجود العديد من الشركات وخاصة في مجال التجارة الالكترونية والتكنولوجيا التعليمية والتكنولوجيا الخضراء.

وقد اختتمت أعمال القمة لريادة الأعمال، بإعلان الشركاء والداعمين للشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة للجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغربي آسيا "الاسكوا"، عن الالتزام بقيمة تفوق 130 مليون دولار.

في الختام، فإننا نرى بان عقد مثل هذه المؤتمرات على المستوى العربي أمر مهم، وان الجهود التي تبذل في سبيل تحسين بيئة الأعمال ودعم ريادة الأعمال في الدول العربية هو ما يحتاجه العالم العربي بالضبط في ظل هذه الأوقات الصعبة التي تشهدها المنطقة. وقد قام العديد من الحكومات العربية في السنوات الأخيرة بإدخال إصلاحات تنظيمية بالفعل، تهدف إلى تحسين بيئات الأعمال لكن هناك المزيد يمكن عمله للوصول الى تحقيق الأهداف المنشودة وايجاد بيئة جذب مناسبة لريادة الأعمال، وخاصة في المجال الرقمي، كإزالة الحواجز التي تحول دون التجارة العابرة للحدود وتحسين البيئة اللوجستية بين البلدان العربية وإتاحة الوصول الى خدمات الانترنت الفائقة السرعة (النطاق العريض) لجميع السكان وخاصة في المناطق الريفية ونشر أنظمة الدفع الرقمي وإصلاح لوائح التجارة الالكترونية وحماية المستهلك (وهذا ما يؤكده تقرير للبنك الدولي المصدر)[1]  والتسريع في إيجاد سوق عربية موحدة ودعم تنافسية الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة لتحسين فرص بقائها في ظل المنافسة الشرسة التي تواجهها على الساحة الدولية (للمزيد)[2].

Two separate meetings have been held in May 2022 in order to strengthening Arab-Swiss economic relations. The first meeting took place in Rabat on May 9, when the Moroccan Minister for Investment, Convergence and Public Policy Evaluation, Mohcine Jazouli, met with the Swiss Minister of State Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch in the presence of, Guillaume Schurer, Ambassador of Switzerland to Morocco. Where the two parties discussed the possibility of introducing new investments in many sectors, and pledged to hold similar meetings in the future. Jazouli commented on the already strong relations between the two countries, noting that the meeting was "an opportunity to present the various investment opportunities offered by Morocco to the Swiss officials." On the other hand, Ms. Ineichen-Fleisch described the relations between the two countries as "excellent".

Geneva Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Services in cooperation with the Swiss Chamber of Commerce in Morocco had previously held a meeting in late April under the slogan "Focus on Morocco".

Commenting on the recent talks that brought the two sides together, Ambassador Guillaume Schurer referred to the Swiss-Moroccan agreement signed in December 2021, considering that the agreement allowed for "increasing cooperation in all areas."

On the other hand, a meeting was held in Manama on May 12, as part of an official visit by the Swiss economic mission to the Kingdom of Bahrain, where the mission met with the Undersecretary of the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism Iman Al-Dosari, in the presence of the Swiss Ambassador to the Kingdom of Bahrain, Massimo Badji and the Ministry Assistant Undersecretary for Domestic and Foreign Trade, Shaikh Hamad bin Salman Al Khalifa, and a number of senior officials in the ministry. The meeting dealt with bilateral economic relations between the two countries and ways to enhance them.

The Arab-Swiss relations occupies a distinguished position on the economic level. Switzerland is one of the most important commercial partners for the Arab countries, as it accounts for about 10% of the total Arab trade exchanges with the Europe.

Recent years have witnessed a development in Arab-Swiss economic relations, especially with the Arab Gulf states, in the same time relations between Morocco and Switzerland have improved significantly in the past few years.

أطلقت لجنة الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغربي آسيا (الإسكوا) اليوم برنامجًا لتحفيز انتشار التجارة الإلكترونية (eCAP)، بدعم من مركز ريادة الأعمال التابع لغرفة التجارة الدولية والإسكوا ومركز التجارة الدولي، لتمكين المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسّطة من خلال الانتقال إلى اعتماد البيع عبر الإنترنت.

ويهدف البرنامج إلى بناء قدرات مئة شركة صغيرة ومتوسطة من المنطقة العربية للانتقال إلى البيع عبر الإنترنت، إما عن طريق تطوير مواقع التجارة الإلكترونية الخاصة بها أو عن طريق البيع في الأسواق الموجودة على الإنترنت. وستستفيد هذه الشركات لمدة عام كامل من الدعم التقني والتجاري، وكذلك الدعم لبناء منصاتها عبر الإنترنت، بالإضافة إلى فرص التدريب والترويج والتواصل.

على الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة المشاركة أن تكون مُسجلة وعاملة في إحدى الدول العربية، وأن يكون لديها منتج أو خدمة قابلة للبيع عبر الإنترنت. ويجب أن تكون متواجدة عبر الإنترنت من خلال وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، أو من خلال موقع إلكتروني غير مُحسَّن بالكامل. كما يجب أن تكون على استعداد لتخصيص شخص أو أكثر من أعضاء الفريق للمشروع.

يمكن للشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة التسجيل في البرنامج هنا من خلال ملء استمارة تقديم الطلب المتاحة باللغة العربية والانكليزية والفرنسية. أما الموعد النهائي لتقديم الطلبات عبر الإنترنت فهو 20 نيسان/أبريل 2022 الساعة 23.00 بتوقيت بيروت (GMT +3).

المصدر: اسكوا

2021 can be described as the year of startups par excellence, as it was an exceptional year for startups at all levels. Despite all the difficulties and challenges related to the spread of the Corona virus epidemic, what startups in the Middle East and North Africa achieved in 2021 did not achieve in all previous years!

In this article, we will take a comprehensive look at the state of startups in the region, and tell you everything you need to know about the state of startups in the Middle East and North Africa in 2021.

First: the development of investments in start-ups

During more than a decade, the business environment for emerging companies has developed in the Arab region, especially in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, specifically the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, which have worked to develop the business environment to incubate entrepreneurship through a wide range of incubators and accelerators of the business sector and the governmental sector. Egypt has also witnessed a remarkable development in the business environment. The development in the Arab entrepreneurship ecosystem is reflected in improving the legislative and legal environment and in launching a large number of startup incubators, including Flat6Labs, Falak and Injaz Egypt.

The development in the business environment for startups in the region has translated into a huge increase in the number and size of investment deals in startups, as the total volume of deals for start-ups increased by more than 1280% between 2013 and 2021, and with a growth rate of 312% compared to 2020, which witnessed a slowdown in the growth rate due to the direct repercussions of the spread of the Corona epidemic.

In terms of the number of investment deals in startups, it also increased significantly between 2013 and 2021, and while the number of deals for startups in 2013 did not exceed 148 deals, in 2021 it amounted to 561 deals. The following figure shows the development of investment in companies in the region between 2013 and 2021 in terms of the volume and number of investment deals.

As shown in the figure, the volume of investments in 2021 alone is equivalent to the volume of investments in emerging companies in the region during the period 2017 and 2020 combined. This indicates the significant development that occurred in 2021.

Second: Startups in the Middle East and North Africa for 2021

The following chart shows the volume of deals for startups during 2021 and their growth on a monthly basis. The figure shows the upward curve of investment in startups throughout the past year. The quarterly growth of the volume of deals for startups reached 48%, 32% and 104%, respectively, while the growth rate for the last quarter of the same year decreased by 74%. This decline can be explained by the exceptional rise in the third quarter of the year, specifically in July, when the total volume of deals reached more than 632 million dollars. As for the semi-annual growth level, it reached about 91%. In general, the data before us heralds new levels of investment in start-up companies. The number of startup deals in the second half of 2021 also increased by 28% compared to the first half. This rise is accompanied by a growth in the average size of one deal, which rose from about $3.7 million in the first half to more than $5.6 million in the second half.

Third: Distribution startups financing by country for 2021

The Emirati startups continued to dominate the scene in terms of startup financing, as Emirati companies accounted for about 52% of the total investments received by emerging companies during 2021, followed by the Saudi startups, which came in second place with 24% of the total investments, then Egypt with 15%, and in fourth place, came Jordan with 4% of the total investments. Despite the continued dominance of the UAE in the forefront, and then Saudi Arabia and Egypt, in terms of investments in startups in the Arab region, this year witnessed the entry of new countries to the list, which was limited to 7 to 9 countries at best in the past. The list expanded to include 15 Arab countries , the most recent of which was Sudan, which ranked last on the list. In terms of absolute figures, new regions showed remarkable growth, specifically the Maghreb region, the Levant countries, specifically Jordan and Palestine, in addition to Iraq, which is witnessing a growth in the volume and number of deals for startups.

Fourth: Distribution of the number of startup deals by country 2021

In contrast to the distribution of the volume of investments by countries, which shows a strong concentration on the UAE, the distribution of the number of startup deals shows less concentration on the UAE, which despite issuing the largest number of startup financing deals, about 72% of the deals are distributed to emerging companies from outside the UAE, most notably Egypt, which came in the second place with 25% followed by Saudi Arabia with 24%, then Jordan with 7%, Morocco with 4%, and Tunisia and Bahrain with 3% each.

Fifth: The annual average of the volume of deals for startups by countries for the year 2021

The size and number of startups deals is reflected in the average size of a single deal, and while it is a good indicator of the development of investments in startups, it must take into account the anomaly value that may mislead the reader, as we can see from the graph that the highest rate of average one deal size is for Algerian startups at $15 million per deal. However, this number hides the significant decrease in the number of deals for startups in Algeria, which was limited to only two deals! While the average size of one deal in the UAE can be considered more reflective of the development and growth of the volume of investment in emerging companies, in which the size of one deal amounted to more than 8.8 million dollars. The same applies to the case of Saudi startups, whose average transaction size is about $4.8 million.

Sixth: Distribution of startup investments by sector for 2021

2021 was a distinguished year in terms of distributing the investments of emerging companies by sector. The food technology sector appeared for the first time to top the list of investments distribution, with 26% of the total investments, followed by the financial technology sector with 21%, a sector that has witnessed steady growth since the year 2019, while the e-commerce sector ranked third with 16%, this sector is experiencing a relative decline, as we have indicated on more than one occasion. The decline of the e-commerce sector is due to the state of saturation that the main Arab markets have reached, although this does not mean that this sector has completely disappeared. E-commerce in the Arab region still needs more expansion and development, but competition in this sector has become more difficult with the rise of many companies that occupied large sectors of the market, and finally the entry of the e-commerce giant Amazon to the most important Arab markets (Saudi Arabia and the UAE) and last year it entered the Egyptian market.

Seventh: Distribution of the number of startup deals by sector for 2021

In contrast to the distribution of the volume of deals of emerging companies that focus on food technology, the distribution of the number of deals for emerging companies was less concentrated among the main sectors on the one hand, and on the other hand, the large number of sectors in which startups succeeded in obtaining financing rounds are, most notably the agricultural technology sector, artificial intelligence, environmentally friendly technology, and other sectors. This distribution indicates the existence of promising opportunities for emerging companies that are active in areas far from the main sectors that have always reaped the largest share of funding, and perhaps the most evidence of this is the decline of the e-commerce sector in favor of the financial technology sector in the past two years, and the displacement of the food technology sector by the technology sector, which took the lead in 2021. So it will not be surprising that companies operating in different sectors are competing for funding this year.

Eighth: Investment stages for start-up companies during 2021

Investment deals in start-up companies in 2021 focused on the initial funding stage (1), with more than 32%, and in the pre-incorporation stage by about 15%, an increase of 2% over the first half of the same year, while the stage of “accelerated growth companies” came in the third place with 15%, and fourthly, financing of category “A” with approximately 9%, while the pre-financing stage of category “A” (2) accounted for about 7%.

Ninth: Distribution of investments by startup companies for 2021 by gender

The share of funding received by startups founded by females is still small compared to the companies founded by males, as the share of funding received by companies founded by females to the total funded startups did not exceed 1.2%. The year 2021 made significant progress, as a number of distinguished financing deals for women-led companies emerged, perhaps the most important of which were the iMile and BitOasis deals, through which the two companies raised $40 million and $30 million, respectively. It is worth noting that the UAE ranked first in terms of the volume of funding and the number of deals of women-led startups, as Emirati startups received investments worth $187 million through 46 deals. Saudi Arabia ranked second, where startups founded by a team of men and women succeeded in raising about $14 million through 9 deals. Egypt came in third place, with total investments of nearly $12 million through 20 deals.

Explanatory notes:

• Initial financing or financing coming from family and friends, is one of the ways of offering securities, where some parties related to the new startup invest an amount that enables the startup to start its business and continue in the market, until it reaches the stage of being able to finance itself or being able to creating value that makes the startup attractive for investors to invest in. It should be noted that seed funding may be a form of crowdfunding.

• Series A Financing, also known as A Round Financing. It is the first round of financing offered to a startup company in which venture capitalists participate, and it comes after the seed round stage. This is usually done when outside investors are given ownership of the company for the first time. This financing is usually provided in the form of preferred shares, and may include anti-reduction provisions in case of more financing being provided, or in the form of common shares or preferred shares in the future.

Sources:

- Press releases issued by start-up companies.

- Wamda Foundation.

Visiting the Swiss Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai is a unique experience for the senses. As soon as you arrive, you’re welcomed by a large carpet spread about before a beautiful tall structure with a modern reflective façade. In a true embodiment of its name ‘Reflections’, the pavilion is designed to combine Swiss tradition with innovation. Dressed in vibrant red, in unison with Switzerland’ flag, it’s a celebration of everything Swiss. A luxury clock made in Switzerland welcomes you as you enter indoors and by the end of your tour you can take a break at the roof top bar and indulge in decadent Swiss chocolate.

For the more adventurous types, one of the rooms inside provides for a unique immersive experience – a drastic change from the 30+ degrees outside, you’ll have an opportunity to “hike” in the mountains through a sea of fog. You are instantly transported into the Swiss Alps over 4,000 meters above the ground. “It's very much appreciated,” says H.E. Massimo Baggi, the Ambassador of Switzerland to the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, in a virtual interview with the Founder of Swiss Arab Entrepreneurs, Ayman Abualkhair.

Switzerland is among the 192 participating nations in Expo 2020 and the very first to confirm its participation in the first world exhibition to be hosted by an Arab and Muslim country. It has a special role in the UAE’s first event of this scale, as the Chair of the Steering Committee of all participating countries, His Excellency tells us, reiterating his commitment to contribute to its success over the next four months. The construction of the entire Expo, sprawling over 1,080 acres of land, took almost 7 years to complete since the UAE was awarded the project back in November 2013.

“We have an institutional partnership with the government with whom we work closely in collaboration with the private sector too. Thanks to this public-private partnership we participate in the activities of most of the 11 thematic weeks at the Expo through panel discussions and content contributions,” Baggi says. These ranges from environmental related issues, such as climate and biodiversity, to wellbeing, space, urban and rural development, tolerance and inclusivity, travel and many more. “We also want to be attractive to the general public,” he adds.

Trade relations between the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland date back half a century when the late Sheikh Zayed, father of the UAE nation, was traveling to Switzerland in the 1970s. Today trade between the two nations has grown dramatically and is roughly estimated at almost CHF 20 billion. Switzerland is one of the few countries in the world which enjoys a free trade agreement with the UAE.

“The relationship now encompasses almost all sectors of our daily life,” says Baggi. “I'm very proud that Switzerland ranks among the top 10 foreign investors in the UAE,” he adds.

Goods that Switzerland exports into the UAE range from luxury products, including jewellery and watches, to pharmaceuticals and technology. Swiss producers have a long history of investing into the country too, with some of the main sectors being engineering, high precision technology manufacturing, and food and beverages. The top investors in the country currently include the multinational corporation ABB and food and drink processing giant Nestlé.

“We have more than CHF 10 billion worth of investments here. Swiss companies employ more than 10,000 people in the UAE,” says Baggi.

He adds: “Everything related to innovation, technology, and digitalization is very well received here. We also see a growing interest in agriculture. The UAE depends very much on importing their goods from abroad and food security is becoming an issue, so I see possibilities in this sector for sure,” he adds.

A shift in the UAE’s focus from relying on expat expertise to fostering and developing in-country talent will help support the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the country, believes Baggi. “What I see here in the UAE is investment in education at all possible levels. And I think that this is an excellent way to promote entrepreneurship. The infrastructure is already there, which we know is very important for entrepreneurship.”

Education is an important area of cooperation between the two countries, as Baggi explains.

“We speak with the authorities here about education, about the infrastructure that is required to perform globally, about the quality of living that we have in Switzerland, and the regulatory framework, which has to be favourable to business.

“In a visit from the Minister of Education of the UAE to Switzerland, we discussed apprenticeships in addition to education in general, particularly tertiary education, which involves cooperation between universities. If interest from the UAE side is confirmed, then we can offer a lot from Switzerland.”

In the entrepreneurial space, another area of cooperation for the two countries is FinTech, a growing sector globally which is expected to reach market value of $324 billion by 2021¹.

“Two years ago, when Federal Councillor Ueli Maurer, President of the Confederation and Head of the Federal Department of Finance, was visiting UAE, FinTech among our youngsters was one of the focus areas of discussion. There are also private institutions and universities involved in this space. I recently received a university from Switzerland willing to do exactly this kind of promotion.

“We also have a Swiss Business Hub at the Consulate General in Dubai, and this is exactly the type of structure that we can use to promote SMEs coming from Switzerland.”

“We focus very much on Swiss SMEs because they can be very innovative and that's exactly what the UAE needs and what we can offer.”

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There is still time to head to the Swiss Pavilion at the Dubai Expo, running from 1 October 2021 – 31 March 2022. To learn more, visit: swisspavilion.org 

(English)

La Suisse possède l'une des économies de marché les plus fortes et les plus avancées au monde. De plus, elle figure régulièrement en tête d'indices tels que « l’innovation mondiale » et la « compétitivité mondiale ». Les leaders industriels de pratiquement tous les secteurs ont la Suisse comme base d'attache. La Suisse a un fort positionnement concurrentiel et bénéficie d'une stabilité politique avec des conditions structurelles favorables. Les grandes banques ainsi que les entreprises de soins de santé, de biens de consommation et de biens et services de luxe n’en sont que quelques exemples.

Switzerland has one of the strongest and most advanced free market economies in the world. Not only that, it also regularly appears on the top of indexes such as ‘global innovation’ and ‘global competitiveness’. Industry leaders in virtually every sector have Switzerland as their home base. Switzerland has a strong competitive positioning and enjoys political stability with favourable structural conditions. Major banks as well as healthcare, consumer and luxury goods and services companies are just a few examples.

Quels sont les atouts de la place économique suisse ?

Innovation et technologie

Trois des points forts de la Suisse sont particulièrement importants :

- Haut degré d'innovation

- Main-d'œuvre extrêmement instruite

- Des organismes de recherche scientifique de premier ordre et des technologies de pointe.

Pôle de recherche et de développement : universités et recherche de classe mondiale

• R&D : la Suisse investit près de 3,4% de son PIB dans la recherche et le développement, l'un des pourcentages les plus élevés au monde. Plus de 60 universités contribuent à garantir le plus haut niveau de travail professionnel.
• Pôle international d’innovation : les organisations et entreprises suisses et étrangères apprécient l’excellente plate-forme de recherche du pays et son rôle de pôle international d’innovation.
• De nombreuses entreprises sont basées en Suisse, des géants biopharmaceutiques Bristol-Myers Squibb et Roivant Sciences aux centres de recherche de Disney et Google.
• Près de la moitié des travailleurs suisses sont employés dans des industries à forte intensité de savoir. Les produits de haute technologie constituent un pilier important de la réussite économique et de l’excellente réputation du pays.
• La propriété intellectuelle est efficacement protégée par le droit des brevets, des marques, du design et des droits d'auteur. En 2019, plus de 8000 demandes de brevet ont été déposées en Suisse. C'est le septième chiffre le plus élevé au monde et c'est le chiffre le plus élevé au monde par habitant.
• Prix Nobel : le leadership international de la Suisse dans la recherche se reflète également dans le nombre de lauréats du prix Nobel par habitant : la Suisse a également le chiffre le plus élevé au monde dans ce domaine.

Coopération transfrontalière

En tant que centre de recherche important, la Suisse attire des chercheurs étrangers hautement qualifiés.

- Plusieurs institutions d'importance internationale sont basées en Suisse. Par exemple, l'Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire CERN, le Centre suisse d'électronique et de microtechnique CSEM et l'Institut Paul Scherrer (PSI).

-   Le CERN est considéré comme l'un des centres les plus importants au monde pour la recherche fondamentale en physique. C'est ici, à la fin des années 1980, que le World Wide Web a été développé.

- La communauté scientifique suisse participe activement à l'échange transfrontalier de connaissances. Il est bien intégré dans les réseaux de coopération des principaux pays européens et couvre un large éventail de domaines de recherche.

Industries et technologies de pointe : un emplacement solide pour des affaires solides

De grandes entreprises internationales choisissent d'installer leur siège en Suisse.

• L'excellente collaboration entre le monde universitaire et l'industrie en Suisse assure le transfert rapide de technologie dans le domaine de la recherche et du développement.
• Trois groupes suisses, Roche, Nestlé et Novartis, font partie des 40 entreprises les plus valorisées au monde.
• Plus de 850 entreprises multinationales ont leur siège régional ou mondial en Suisse, y compris des géants comme Johnson & Johnson, Google, Japan Tobacco, Medtronic et Adidas.

Une combinaison unique de clusters industriels

La Suisse compte des universités et des instituts de recherche de renommée mondiale dans le domaine de l'intelligence artificielle (IA).

• Grâce à une législation favorable à la protection des données et à la proximité de la recherche de pointe, de prestigieuses grandes entreprises technologiques comme Google, IBM et Microsoft mènent leurs recherches sur l'IA depuis la Suisse.
• Grâce à des spécialistes des TIC hautement qualifiés, la Suisse dispose d'une excellente base pour poursuivre sa croissance et son innovation dans le domaine des technologies de numérisation.
• S'appuyant sur une longue tradition dans les industries de la machine, de l'électrotechnique, de la métallurgie et de l'horlogerie, un cluster de précision hautement industrialisé s'est développé en Suisse et prend une position de leader dans le domaine de la robotique et de la fabrication de pointe à l'ère du virage numérique. Diverses entreprises internationales telles qu'ABB, Oerlikon, Schindler et Hamilton optimisent leurs processus de production existants en Suisse avec des solutions numériques.
• La Suisse possède l'un des clusters des sciences de la vie les mieux implantés au monde. En tant que site neutre de premier plan pour les sièges sociaux d'entreprises mondiales, il est extrêmement attrayant pour les sociétés chimiques et pharmaceutiques mondiales telles que BeiGene, Takeda et Biogen, qui ont établi leur siège et leur production en Suisse.
• La Suisse est parfaitement équipée pour la nouvelle ère de la santé personnalisée, dans laquelle les données sont intégrées dans le système de santé.
• La Suisse est également devenue un pôle d'innovation pour la blockchain. Crypto Valley, originaire de Zoug, est désormais devenue une plaque tournante mondiale pour le développement international de la technologie blockchain. La technologie blockchain est utilisée dans les domaines de la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, du secteur de l'assurance, de la fourniture d'énergie et de la logistique.

Système de formation en alternance réussi : les professionnels suisses sont parmi les meilleurs au monde

Le système éducatif suisse jouit d'une excellente réputation dans le monde entier. Dans le rapport sur la compétitivité globale du Forum économique mondial, le système éducatif suisse occupe la première place depuis de nombreuses années.

Les jeunes professionnels suisses sont parmi les meilleurs au monde. Cela est dû au double système de formation de la Suisse, qui permet à chacun d'avoir des opportunités de carrière et de réussir au travail.

Le système de formation en alternance suisse combine une formation académique de renommée internationale avec une formation professionnelle directe et orientée vers la pratique. Ensemble, les cursus universitaires et les apprentissages assurent un mélange idéal de talents couvrant à la fois la théorie et la pratique.

Investissements et commerce

La Suisse est une destination attractive pour les investisseurs étrangers. Fin 2018, les investissements directs étrangers s'élevaient à environ 1'300 milliards de francs suisses.

La Suisse est un acteur important du commerce mondial. Les exportations représentent environ 33% du PIB. En conséquence, la Suisse a pris un rôle de premier plan parmi les exportateurs importants dans le commerce mondial, tant en ce qui concerne les biens que les services.

Industrie automobile et aéronautique :

L'exemple classique d'une branche industrielle prospère tournée vers l'exportation est ce que l'on appelle « l'industrie secrète de l'automobile et de l'aviation » de la Suisse – un réseau peu connu d'entreprises de fabrication hautement spécialisées et de résolveurs de problèmes fournissant des composants pour une gamme de domaines, de la précision et de la micromécanique à la technologie des matériaux, des plastiques et des textiles.

Domaines d'intervention de l'innovation en Suisse

Avec 242 cycles de financement en 2018, la Suisse se classe cinquième derrière la Suède. Son volume de financement de € 1,3 million le place même au quatrième rang, après la France, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni. La Suisse dans son ensemble est également loin devant en Europe, révèle un rapport d'EY.

L’innovation en Suisse se concentre sur cinq axes d'innovation :

- Santé et sciences de la vie,

- Mobilité et transport,

- Énergie, environnement et ressources naturelles,

- Manufacture et production,

- Informatique et science informatique.

Chacun de ces domaines est un terreau fertile pour le développement d'un large éventail d'innovations qui profitent à la société dans des domaines tels que la robotique, l'intelligence artificielle, l'espace, les nanotechnologies, la recherche sur les matériaux, la fabrication additive, le diagnostic, les traitements du cancer ou les énergies renouvelables.

Liste de projets/biens ouverts aux investisseurs

• Gestion complète (banque privée avec tous les services VIP inclus)
  • Fonds de placement dynamiques (modifiables en tout temps selon les désirs du client)
  • Optimisation fiscale incluse
  • Mandats pour cause d’inaptitude
  • Gestion des avoirs LPP surobligatoire
  • Nombreux autres services facilitant la vie des investisseurs, etc.
• Fonds de placement
  • Différents types selon nature/forme/secteur/région/etc.
• Start-up suisse dans le domaine de l’innovation médicale
• Hôtels, restaurants, bars & casinos (Suisse, Tunisie)
• Biens immobiliers : Achat/vente (Suisse, France, Tunisie, Sicile, Île Maurice, Grèce, Croatie, Dubaï, Bahreïn, etc.)
• Discothèques et clubs privés (Genève)
• Produits alternatifs à forte plus-value (Rhum, Balsamique, Whisky, etc.)
  • Gain imposé comme augmentation de fortune et non comme revenu ð fiscalement attrayant
• Plantations pour obtenir des produits à fort potentiel économique
  • Systèmes brevetés
• Développement économique de l’Asie du sud
  • Différents produits : compte de gestion, fonds de placement, obligations, actions, etc.
• Entreprise de location de moteurs d’avions
• Entreprise d’achat, Rénovation de luxe et Revente des biens immobilier (Allemagne)
  • Uniquement des biens protégés par l’État allemand pour des raisons de patrimoine culturel
• Locations de luxe en Suisse urbaine
• Fabrication de LED en Tunisie (distribués aux 4 coins du globe)
• Objets d’art (tableaux, bijoux, etc.)
  • Achat & Revente
• 3èmes piliers A/B
  • 3A : Économies fiscales (que pour les personnes travaillant en Suisse)
  • 3B : Liberté de désignation du bénéficiaire (droit successoral) – Aussi pour les étrangers
• Assurances vie
  • A/B, Capital garanti/lié à un fond, avec/sans rentes en cas d’invalidité, avec/sans capital décès, etc.
• Rente viagères
  • Immédiates/différées, avec/sans restitution, sur une/plusieurs têtes, etc. – Avantages fiscaux
• Démantèlement & revente en pièces détachées d’avions (entre la Suisse et le Togo)
• Investissements dans l’extraction des ressources et/ou de développement en Afrique
• Acquisition et conservation sécurisée d’or physique en Suisse
• Acquisition et transfert de tout type de cryptomonnaies (BTC, ETH, USDT, BNB, etc.)
• Déblocage de fonds/comptes bancaires bloqués
• , en cours d’élaboration…

Si vous êtes intéressés par l’un de ces thèmes d’investissement, veuillez nous contacter à :

This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Nous vous mettrons en lien avec les partenaires spécialisés dans ces différents projets/domaines.

(Français)

Switzerland has one of the strongest and most advanced free market economies in the world. Not only that, it also regularly appears on the top of indexes such as ‘global innovation’ and ‘global competitiveness’. Industry leaders in virtually every sector have Switzerland as their home base. Switzerland has a strong competitive positioning and enjoys political stability with favourable structural conditions. Major banks as well as healthcare, consumer and luxury goods and services companies are just a few examples.

What are the strengths of the Swiss economy?

Innovation and technology

Three of Switzerland’s strengths are especially prominent:

• High degree of innovation,
• Supremely educated workforce
• First-class scientific research organizations, and cutting-edge technologies.

Research and Development Hub: World-Class Universities and research

• R&D: Switzerland invests almost 3.4% of its GDP in research and development, one of the highest percentages in the world. More than 60 universities help to ensure the highest level of professional work.
• International innovation hub: Organizations and companies from Switzerland and abroad value the country’s excellent research platform and its role as an international innovation hub.
• Many companies are based in Switzerland, from biopharmaceutical giants Bristol-Myers Squibb and Roivant Sciences to the research centers of Disney and Google.
• Almost half of Swiss workers are employed in knowledge-intensive industries. High-tech products form an important pillar of the country’s economic success and excellent reputation.
• Intellectual property is effectively protected through patent, trademark, design, and copyright law. In 2019, more than 8,000 patent applications were filed in Switzerland. This is the seventh highest figure in the world and it is the highest figure worldwide per capita.
• Nobel Prize: Switzerland’s international leadership in research is also apparent in the number of Nobel Prize laureates per capita: Switzerland has the highest figure worldwide in this area as well.

Cross-Border Cooperation

As an important center of research, Switzerland attracts highly qualified foreign researchers.

- Several internationally important institutions are based in Switzerland. For example, the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology CSEM and the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI).

- CERN is considered to be one of the most important centers in the world for basic research in physics. It was here, in the late 1980s, that the World Wide Web was developed.

- The Swiss research community actively participates in the cross-border exchange of knowledge. It is well integrated in the cooperation networks of major European nations and covers a wide spectrum of research fields.

Leading Industries and Technologies: A strong location for strong business

Significant international companies choose to locate their headquarters in Switzerland.

• The excellent collaboration between academia and industry in Switzerland ensures the rapid transfer of technology in the field of research and development.
• Three Swiss groups, Roche, Nestle, and Novartis, are among the 40 most valuable companies in the world.
• More than 850 multinational companies have their regional or global headquarters in Switzerland, including giants like Johnson & Johnson, Google, Japan Tobacco, Medtronic, and Adidas.

A unique combination of industry clusters

Switzerland has world-renowned universities and research institutes in the field of artificial intelligence (AI).

• Thanks to legislation favorable to data protection and the proximity to top research, prestigious major tech corporations like Google, IBM, and Microsoft conduct their AI research from Switzerland.
• Thanks to outstandingly educated ICT specialists, Switzerland has an excellent base for further growth and innovation in the field of digitization technologies.
• Based on a long tradition in the machine, electrical engineering, metalworking, and watchmaking industries, a highly industrialized precision cluster has developed in Switzerland and is taking up a leading position in the area of robotics and advanced manufacturing in the digital shift era. Various international companies such as ABB, Oerlikon, Schindler, and Hamilton are optimizing their existing production processes in Switzerland with digital solutions.
• Switzerland has one of the most well-established life sciences clusters in the world. As a leading neutral location for global company headquarters, it is extremely attractive for global chemical and pharmaceutical companies such as BeiGene, Takeda, and Biogen, which have located their headquarters and production in Switzerland.
• Switzerland is optimally equipped for the new era of personalized health, in which data is integrated into the healthcare system.
• Switzerland has also developed into an innovation hub for blockchain. Crypto Valley, originating in Zug, has now become a global hub for international development in blockchain technology. Blockchain technology is used in the fields of supply chain management, the insurance industry, energy provision, and logistics.

Successful dual education system: Swiss professionals are among the best in the world

The Swiss education system enjoys an excellent reputation worldwide. In the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report, the Swiss education system has ranked first for many years.

The young Swiss professionals are among the world’s best. This is due to Switzerland’s dual education system, which allows everybody to have career opportunities and to succeed at work.

Switzerland’s dual education system combines an internationally highly regarded academic education with direct, practice-oriented vocational training. Together, the university degree courses and apprenticeships ensure an ideal mix of talent spanning both theory and practice.

Investment and trade

Switzerland is an attractive location for foreign investors. At the end of 2018, foreign direct investments amounted to approximately 1’300 billion Swiss francs.

Switzerland is an important player in world trade. Exports make up around 33% of the gross domestic product. As a result, Switzerland has taken a leading role among the important exporters in world trade, with regard to both goods and services.

Automobile and aviation industry:

The classic example of a successful export-oriented branch of industry is what is known as Switzerland’s “secret automobile and aviation industry” – a little-known network of highly specialized manufacturing companies and problem-solvers providing components for a range of areas, from precision and micromechanics to materials technology, plastics, and textiles.

Innovation Focus Areas in Switzerland

With 242 funding rounds in 2018, Switzerland ranked fifth behind Sweden. Its funding volume of €1.3 million even puts it at number four, after France, Germany and the UK. Switzerland as a whole is also far out in front in Europe, a report from EY reveals.

Switzerland Innovation focuses on five innovation focus areas:

• Health and life sciences,
• Mobility and transportation,
• Energy, environment and natural resources,
• Manufacturing and production,
• and computer and computational science.

Each of these fields is a breeding ground for the development of a broad range of innovations that benefit society in areas such as robotics, artificial intelligence, space, nanotechnology, materials research, additive manufacturing, diagnostics, cancer treatments, or renewable energy.

List of projects/properties open to investors

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• Swiss start-up in the field of medical innovation
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• Alternative products with high plus value (Rum, Balsamic, Whiskey, etc.)
  • Gain taxed as an increase in wealth and not as tax-attractive income ð fiscally attractive
• Plantations to obtain products with high economic potential
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• Economic development of South Asia
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• Aircraft engine rental business
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• Manufacture of LEDs in Tunisia (distributed to the 4 corners of the globe)
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Translated by: Hayat Hernández

Although palm trees are considered beautiful decorative plants and very suitable for sunny days, they have a very significant role in nutrition being a rich source of vitamins and important minerals.

As said in the Quran “For it is He who has brought into being gardens-[both] the cultivated ones and those growing wild -and the date-palm, and fields bearing multiform produce, and the olive tree, and the pomegranate: [all] resembling one another and yet so different! Eat of their fruit when it comes to fruition, and give [unto the poor] their due on harvest day. And do not waste [God's bounties]: verily, He does not love the wasteful”, Al Ana‘am (6: 141)

It’s thought that the first place where palm trees were cultivated was the Arabian island “Harkan” in Bahrain in the Arabian Gulf, and later spread through Iraq into the other parts of the world according to “Ibn Wahshyah”, one of the oldest writers in terms of agriculture. Confirmed by “Al Subai’I” 1933.

Palm trees and different cultures

This tree was a symbol of warship amongst Chaldea, Assyrians and Phoenicians, in fact, many ministries in Arab countries relate palm trees with culture, religion and history. According to the official website of the ministry of agriculture in Jordan, palm tree was mentioned in the Jewish scripts, as well as dates which were one of the seven sacred fruits. It was mentioned in the bible also that Crist was born under a palm tree, and his followers paved the ground with palm leaves along his way when he entered Jerusalem. As for Islam, dates have a very special quality when it comes to Ramadan (the month that Muslims fast during), where it is desirable for the fasting person to break his fast on dates. This was proven by the actions of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.

Many civilizations have cherished palm trees since the beginning of their rise by decorating their palaces and monuments, their trunks were also used as columns. Cultivating palm trees was the first type of farming that certain laws were made for to follow, as it was in Hammurabi’s Code.

The Economic value

Some of the oil supplying countries are having a drop off in the oil production, while in the meantime there is another kind of oil in the pipeline that requires different climate conditions, and that is palms oil.

Nowadays, 30 countries around the world cultivate palm trees, almost 600 thousand hectares of farmed land, 422 thousand of them belong to Arab lands. The economic worth of this plant is tremendous that it’s in the vein of oil growing on trees. The Arab world has come in the lead in the dates production by 70% of international production, out of 100 million trees that are planted in the world, almost 80 million are planted in Arab countries. Although palm trees cultivation isn’t the easiest, the outcomes of this kind of investment are noteworthy considering 80 to 100 Kg of dates come from just one tree after 7 years of planting.

Obviously the date fruit production represents a very significant sector in the economy, and it’s rising constantly. For example, Turkey consumes almost 10 thousand tons of dates in Ramadan according to the Jordan newspaper “Al-Raya”, and this sector is considered to be in the lead in terms of hiring a tremendous number of workers, which reduces the average number of unemployed people in the Arab world.

Regarding the types of dates that exist, they passed 2000 types, in Iraq only there are over 600 types, 400 in Iran, and almost 400 in Libya according to the “Iraqi Network of Palm Tree”, plus over 400 type of dates in Saudi Arabia, in addition to the varieties that are cultivated in all Africa excluding Libya, they would reach more than 2000 varieties, every type having a different name which illustrates the importance of this agroindustry.

Population growth

The number of human population on earth will reach 9 billion people in 2050, which will cause the need of more food to increase, and consequently, MENA resources to decrease especially palm trees and dates due to many factors, but it will remain the best region to grow palms regarding the climate and soils.

Healthy benefits of date fruit

Balah (a type of dates) contains most basic nutrients for the human body, and they are considered a good source for vitamins. This fruit is like a mine containing a lot of basic minerals like phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, and chloride. It has also numerous benefits on the health being consumed as food, a fruit, a drink, dessert, and also a medicine. It contains 21% of water and many vitamins such as vitamin A, B1, B2, D, 1.2% protein, 18% fat, 73% sugar, and 3% fibers. 1 Kg of dates provides your body with the same amount of calories that a kilogram of meat does, and three times the calories that 1 Kg of fish provides.

Date fruits contain monosaccharaides (glucose and fructose) such as Al-Barhi, Al-Sayer, Al-Zuhdi, Al-Sidi, and Halawi, and disaccharides (sucrose) such as Dajla Noor and Dajla Baida.

All parts of the palm tree can be useful, such as:

The kernel: suitable as fodder for livestock and increases its production of meat and milk. And enters in the yeast industry as well.

Leaves and fronds: to make tools, furniture, antiques, cages, ropes and baskets.

Logs: to make house roofs, doors and seats in addition to bridges, archways and pulp.

Parts of the stems can be used as fuel or tanks for planting ornamental plants.

Some types of dates are used to extract natural incense from, such as Dagla, which is bred in Morocco.

The fruit (Rutab and Dates): has a high nutritive value, as well as being a source for oil, sugar, and syrup, besides its role in the cosmetic industry.

Pollen: used in pharmaceutical manufacture.

Roots: to keep the soil consistent.

Palms and the surrounding environment

Date palm tree has a significant role in maintaining a balanced environment and preventing the desert invasion, due to its ability to adapt to it, the extension of its roots vertically and horizontally permits the plant to reach humid areas in order to get to the sources of water. As for the leaves, they are attached to the wickers and covered with a waxy layer and folded into V shape along their branch, forming a canoe-like shape, with its bottom facing upward to reduce water loss. Palm trees are also used to ward off the wind around farms, as they prevent and slow desertification. They also protect the trees and plants grown around them. The palm also tolerates high temperatures, salinity and drought.

Arab countries that most produce this unique fruit:

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom owns more than 23 million palm trees, with a production exceeding one million tons, according to Food and Agriculture Organization "FAO", equivalent to 16% of the total global production, and increasing by about 3% annually. The Kingdom supports palm farmers by about 50 riyals per palm, and this market also provides thousands of job opportunities. There are dozens of factories to manufacture palm products. Nevertheless, the kingdom does not export more than 5% of its annual output.

The most famous area in which date palm is cultivated is the Qassim region, where the "City of Dates" was established. It is famous for containing almost eight million palm trees, of which there are six million productive trees, more than 205 thousand tons of various types of dates are also grown in Saudi Arabia and more than 400 species, seventy of them have a high economic value.

United Arab Emirates

There are about 40 million palm trees in the UAE, 8.5% of them are planted in “Al Ain” region where there is a gene pool that includes almost 120 species, and high quality varieties were added recently imported from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran and the Sultanate of Oman.

Palestine

Cultivated date palms have existed in Palestine for thousands of years. Being a tree of great economic value, and a great religious status, being a perennial tree, and its ability to withstand many climatic conditions, in addition to its ability to grow in saline soils, palm tree has gained the attention of the Palestinian farmer.

The Mediterranean climate conditions dominant in the area provide optimal conditions for growth and development of date palm.

Date palm cultivation is widespread in Palestine in the Jericho area, the Jordan Valley, and the Gaza Strip, especially in the cities of Deir al-Balah and Khan Yunis. Historically, the city of Jericho was called the "City of Palms". Because of the large number of palm plantations in it.

Date palm cultivation is the least labor-intensive crops, and the least labor-intensive crops. The tree needs three years to bear fruit, and after six years it reaches its peak. This sector, which was on the top of the Palestinian agricultural sector in the Jordan Valley, in terms of areas, water consumption, and agricultural labor absorption.

After 1967, considerable areas of the Jordan Valley were cultivated by Israeli farmers with new high-quality date palm cultivars including Medjool. The adaptability of the new cultivars and the use of advanced techniques for propagation and cultivation of dates produced crop of excellent quality and yield to supply local and international markets.

According to the Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture the cultivated area in the Palestinian valleys with palm trees is estimated at about 24 thousand dunums at the end of 2020 out of a total of 55 thousand dunums of land that Palestinians exploit in the Jordan Valley. This is a small fraction of 300 thousand dunums suitable for cultivation, but still unexploited. According to the statistics of the Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture, the number of palm trees by the end of 2020 was estimated at about 330 thousand trees, and the quantity of production of pure Palestinian dates until at about 12,800 thousand tons. The Palestinian local market in the West Bank and Gaza Strip consumes about 6,000 tons of dates annually. It was estimated that 60% of the Palestinian production of dates goes to the local market, and only 40% of the production is exported from the Palestinian Majool (Medjool) variety, where the per capita consumption is estimated annually at about 900 grams of dates.

The most important palm varieties cultivated in Palestine are Medjool, Al-Barhi, Elhayani. Medjool dates are one of the finest dates produced in the Palestinian, at the regional and international levels. Because it is grown in areas below sea level; It increases the percentage of oxygen, which gives it a distinct flavor and color.

According to Abu-Qaoud several constraints face date cultivation and development, including high investment costs, poor marketing, and inequitable competition with Israeli products, limited water, pests, and diseases. However, there is a trend by formal governmental agencies as well as by national NGOs to support the cultivation of date palms in Palestine. The Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture has initiated several programs to support date palm cultivation in the Jordan Valley since 2000 with local NGO participation.

Egypt

According to the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture, date palms cultivation extends in most governorates of the country where there are about 20 million palm trees, representing 73,653 acres, or about 6.32% of the total fruit cultivated land, as it currently reaches approximately 14% of the total fruit production. This increase is attributed to the expansion of the areas planted with palm trees in the governorates of Matrouh, New Valley, North Sinai, South Sinai, the Red Sea, Nubaria, Toshka, Al Uwaynat, and modern reclaimed lands.

Due to the varied climatic conditions in Egypt, the wet and semi-dry varieties have spread in the Delta and Middle Egypt regions, while the Upper Egypt region, especially Aswan, is known to uniquely contain dry varieties.

Palm trees need relatively high temperatures and low amount of humidity during the summer to produce fruits with good quality and high yield, specific thermal conditions that differ for different varieties are required.

A team of scientists consisting of researchers from the Genetic Engineering Research Institute, and the Central Laboratory for Palm Research and Development of the Agricultural Research Center, as well as the Bioinformatics Department of Nile University succeeded in determining the initial version of the genetic map for some varieties of date palms. Therefore, this accurate information about the commercially desirable species can be used to predict the type and gender of palm trees planted, and to contribute with reveling ways to increase Egypt's production of palm trees as well, thus enhancing its reproduction developing programs to protect the plants from diseases and pests.

Some indicators of the growing interest in palm cultivation:

Date palm tissue culture laboratory

Many countries rely on traditional agricultural methods such as seed and seedling planting, so in order to make a change by developing palm cultivation to increase its production, the Palm Tissue Cultivation Laboratory was established in 1989 at the UAE University, which intended to produce hundreds of thousands of palm seedlings. Consequently, the laboratory gained a prominent scientific position commercially as one of the largest laboratories for palm trees propagation.

Palm tissue cultivation has many advantages compared to the traditional methods, such as:

• Increasing the cultivation of female seedlings that are free of diseases and pests and resilient seedlings, or best pollen producing male seedlings.
• Cultivation of offshoots in sustainable lands directly without waiting for the incubation phase (2-3 years), the offspring then have an entire root system (offspring with whole cells) and are planted during the propagation season (August – September) or (March – April).
• Increasing the production of selected types of dates. One of the most significant advantages of this method is the homogeneity of the produced shoots, which guarantees the homogeneity and velocity of plant growth, as the crop can be harvested after only 4 years of planting.
• Palm seedlings can be propagated from known varieties or from cultivars with a seed origin.
• Ensuring an easy and rapid exchange of plant materials between different regions of the country, or between countries, without risking the spread of diseases or pests.
• Obtaining offsets from palm trees that have lost their ability to produce offspring.
• Considered to be an economic aspect as a result of increasing production in large quantities without causing any type of diseases.

In addition to that, the Dates International Council was established in Saudi Arabia, a large number of conferences and exhibitions were also held in MENA to enhance trade exchange between producing and consuming countries and also to encourage the exchange of expertise among them.

Popular date festivals such as the Palm Carnival in Saudi Arabia were organized, as well as the Emirates International Palm and Date Festival, which was arranged by Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority.

Causes of the decline in date palm production in the Arab region

Agricultural pesticides: Palm trees in Egypt are exposed to many insect pests that reduce the harvest or damage it when stored, and as a result of infection with these pests, the loss in the crop may reach 52%. In fact, some of these pests, such as the red palm weevil, may lead to the death of the palm within a year or two, which limits the spread of palm cultivation in many areas. In addition, these pests don’t just affect the fruit, but also the fronds, branches, roots and the stems.

Lack of the farmers awareness on how to fight agricultural pests.

Using traditional agricultural methods instead of modern technologies for irrigation and fertilization; increasing their rates leads to an increase in the rates of productivity of date palms and thus causing the economic outcome to rise.

Palm trees aging, which leads to a lack of production as is the case in Algeria and Tunisia, where 35% of their palms suffer from a lack of production due to their aging process.

Poor marketing as a result of lack of experience internally and externally.

Weak technical expertise that allows raising the level of the product to fit the international standards of foreign markets, as is the case in some small producing countries.

The high cost of production in the case of poor infrastructure such as roads, high transportation costs, pollen prices, fertilizers and pesticides, as is the case in Palestine where Israel controls palm pollen and pesticides for this type of tree.

Wars and political instability, as happened in Iraq, which toped the list of dates producing countries with more than six hundred species, and it is the place where man began planting palm trees four thousand years ago according to the head of the Date Palm Center at Basra University, Dr. Kazem Jasam Hammadi, who stated for “Deutsche Welle” channel the decline causes in the number of date palms in Basra, which he attributed to the war and high levels of salinity due to the rise in Gulf waters, in addition to the population invasion at the expense of palm groves.

Countries that have made qualitative progress

Palestine

Despite what may seem a small market compared to the other major markets, date producers in Palestine have made a quantum leap in the cultivation of palm trees in terms of quantity and quality within a short period not exceeding six years. The Palestinian farmer was able to plant 59,000 thousand palm seedlings; an area of ​​4,249 acres during the period (2006 - 2012).

A study issued by the Chamber of Commerce, Agriculture and Industry in Jericho city and the Jordan valley (Al Aghwar) in 2014 indicated that date palm cultivation is one of the most promising investments, as the production of dates doubled between 2012 and 2014 by 100%, bringing the production amount to about 4000 tons. There are other types of dates in Palestine such as Al-Barhi, Al-Hayani and Medjool.

According to the study carried out by the Jericho Chamber of Commerce and Agriculture, dates exports reached 50% of the total agricultural exports during 2011 - 2014, because Palestinian dates fit the international quality standards, which have competed with Israeli dates on the international market. The total number of employees and workers during the harvest season was estimated at 3200 persons.

Rare dates: pass under the sea

Medjool dates are considered one of the finest types of dates produced in the Palestinian, Jordanian territory, on regional and international levels. Due to its growth in areas below sea level, the percentage of oxygen increases, which gives it a distinct flavor and color. As for the expected output of "Majhoul or Medjool" dates for the year 2015, it reached 4 to 5 thousand tons, and this figure may double ten times within one decade, according to the officials of Nakheel, which is owned by PADICO Holding Company, whose annual production of this type reached 400 tons out of 26,000 date palm trees. The Palestinian market is small, but it is a promising market. "This rare date is grown in the Palestinian valleys and parts of Mexico and California, but the" Medjool "dates grown under the sea remain the most distinctive and highest quality, as stated by Engineer Tariq Al-Qawasmi, General Manager of the Arab Agricultural Company in Jericho.

Moamen Mazen Sinokrot, General Manager of Pal Garden in Jericho, which produces 600 tons of dates per year, said that he expects significant growth in the coming period that may reach 30% annually, as a result of high demand and high return on investment.

Palestine won first place (for the fourth category) in the Khalifa International Award for Date Palm in its seventh congregation as the best development project in the field of date palm development, in which 34 Arab and foreign countries participated with 137 research. Dr. Nasser Al-Jaghoub, head of the Agricultural Risks and Insurance Fund, and Ahmed Fares, Director of Jericho Directorate at the Ministry of Agriculture, won the award.

The characteristics of the Medjool or Majool palm tree

The origin of this variety is from the Kingdom of Morocco, but it disappeared from there due to agricultural pests that affected it, so its seedlings were transferred to California and then to the Jordan Valley areas in Palestine and Jordan. This variety is characterized by a medium-sized stem, and short fronds of medium bending, and the bases of the fronds are of medium width, starting with a dark green and then yellowing, and showing lines or brown spots in the middle, the number of thorns on a single frond ranges from 30 to 38, although the fruit is considered amongst the soft varieties, other type of dates fruit can be softer than meat in comparison. The fruits of this variety may suffer damage from rain and high humidity, but to a small degree. The date palm yield ranges from 80 - 100 kg per year.

Jordan

In Jordan there are about a quarter of a million trees, and the Jordan Valley region is the most famous for its palm cultivation and some areas of the northeastern desert (Al-Azraq), and Jordan is making great efforts to develop this cultivation appropriate to the nature of a large part of its lands. Where agricultural reserves for this purpose were being established, as the United Arab Emirates supplied the Kingdom with fifty thousand seedlings of tissues originating from different varieties to study their suitability for agriculture, they included Barhi, Maktoumi, Khalas, Sandy Gish, Khadrawi, Razeer, Zuhdi, Namishi. As for the interest in Medjool dates, it began in Jordan some twenty-five years ago.

Dates are the future sustenance

Engineer Muhammad Batayneh, General Manager of AgriJordan (which grows approximately 4,500 trees), stated that the date palm is the future cultivar, due to the uniqueness of this tree in its ability to purify the water it absorbs from the soil so that the plant does not secret any heavy metals or unwanted elements to the fruit. Because normally, palm trees are irrigated with recycled sewage water, which is a source for many palm farms due to the severe water shortage in the area. As a result to the unique quality of the fibers of the long stem of the palm, it purifies the water as a natural water filter. Batayneh, who is proud of the Jordan Valley dates, especially Medjool dates which are among the best in the world, carries on saying that the future of fruit and vegetables cultivation is endangered because of clean water shortage. However, palm cultivation remains feasible and profitable, and thus the cost of repeated water for irrigation purposes can be borne."