Qatar has the fifth largest economy in the Arab World (After Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE and Iraq). The country's GDP has been growing steadily between 2010 and 2014, increasing from $125 billion to more than $206 billion in four years. Qatar's economy is driven primarily by the oil and gas industry. It holds the third largest gas reserves in the world (estimated at 12% of the global total in 2021) behind Russia and Iran. The Emirate’s economy is thus heavily concentrated in the gas industry, which represents two-thirds of its GDP and almost 80% of export earnings. Qatar's liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment and made Qatar the world’s largest exporter of this commodity.

The country enjoys one of the highest GNI per capita in the world (about $65,000 according to IMF projections for 2022) and has a high-spending consumer population. By boosting its liquified natural gas (LNG) capacity by about 40% in the coming years, Qatar’s wealth will keep increasing.

Although economic diversification represents a long-term challenge, Qatar has a large resource base that can be used to boost development of non-hydrocarbon sectors.

Source: 1. seco, 2. OECD, data for 2021 (oecd), 3. OECD, data for 2022.

Qatar is hosting the World Cup which serves as a vehicle to achieve the Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030), a government initiative to transform Qatar into a global society and provide a higher standard of living. According to this plan, the projects to be performed are intended to promote post-tournament sustainability. The World Cup is expected to positively contribute to the country's domestic economic activity, the construction sector in particular is booming.

Investment climate in Qatar

Among the major advantages of Qatar's investment climate are the country's competitive economy, national currency (that is characterized by a very stable exchange rate), high quality infrastructure, and a very favourable tax environment. In addition, Qatar has two economic zones that offer special benefits to foreign businesses - the Qatar Financial Center (QFC) and the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP). Qatar's well-developed financial sector can also be regarded as an advantageous feature of the country's investment climate. The country has big interest in attracting high-tech products and services to its market. Among the main disadvantages of Qatar's investment climate are relatively small market size and strong reliance of the economy on the public sector. (Reserve your copy of the Doing Business Guide for Qatar link).

Qatar-Switzerland Economic Relations

Qatar and Switzerland will celebrate 50 years of diplomatic ties in 2023. Culturally, the two are worlds apart, but both are small countries that play an outsized role in international politics and business.

According to State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) Qatar is Switzerland's 5^th largest trading partner in the Middle East (the United Arab Emirates tops the list) (or 63^rd place internationally), with a trade volume totalling CHF708 million ($715 million) in 2021 (trade was down a whopping 52% compared to 2020). According to SECO the volume of trade for the first nine months of the current year already amounts to around two billion francs. Historically trade volume has increased considerably with an upward trend during the last two decades.


Source: Swiss Federal Office for Customs.

The flow of goods mainly goes in one direction, from Switzerland to Qatar. Imports from Qatar, on the other hand, are negligible, in particular because Switzerland is not a buyer of the main Qatari export resource: gas. The two countries have created the necessary framework conditions for increased economic exchanges through a set of agreements such as investment protection, double taxation, free trade (through the GCC and the EFTA) and air transport.

Benefiting from a free trade agreement (through the Gulf Cooperation Council and the European Free Trade Association), a double taxation agreement and an investment protection agreement, economic relations between Switzerland and Qatar come under comprehensive bilateral framework conditions.
Watches and jewellery, precious metals and pharmaceuticals accounted for most exports to the emirate (Federal Office for Customs).


Source: Swiss Federal Office for Customs.



Source: Swiss Federal Office for Customs.

In a sign of the importance it attaches to doing business in Qatar, the Swiss Business Hub, which offers help to Swiss companies looking to establish a presence in foreign markets, has its Middle East office in the Qatari capital. Some 30 Swiss firms in Qatar employ around 1,000 people in the country. The majority of Swiss companies present in Qatar are suppliers in the field of infrastructure and energy. The customer base includes the oil and gas sector, the petrochemical industry as well as water and wastewater management. There we can find for example Endress + Hauser, the specialist in measuring instruments, Nestlé, industrial group ABB, Holcim, Georg Fischer for Watches, Sika in the chemical industry (Watson) and Glencore¹ Switzerland is interested to launch a dialogue with the local companies and the authorities on new technologies, such as in the area of cybersecurity.

Recently top officials from both countries have held meetings during a forum called the Swiss-Qatar Mixed Commission in September 2022. The Federal Councilor Ueli Maurer and Finance Minister Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, met in Zurich, to talk economic opportunities according to the business federation economiesuisse. In the midst of an energy crisis and the war in Ukraine, the purchase of liquefied natural gas from the world’s biggest exporter was a major topic, with the Qataris reportedly open to supplying the Swiss market (economiesuisse). Also different aspects of the real economy were discussed during the different meetings. Qatar is very interested in Swiss know-how. In view of the Football World Cup, Qatar is planning to modernize the construction sector and make it more sustainable, as significant sums will continue to be invested in infrastructure. A large water recycling plant is currently planned. This is exciting news for Swiss companies that are at the forefront of this field. Closer collaboration has also been established in the area of intellectual property protection in particular to better identify counterfeit watches.

Swiss banks are also interested to expand in the Qatari market. UBS announced plans to establish a services hub. Credit Suisse, meanwhile, is willing to open a new tech centre in partnership with the Investment Promotion Agency Qatar. Other sectors too want to further entre the market in the emirate. Swiss hospitals and hotels are looking for partnerships in Qatar and to boosting medical tourism in Switzerland.

What are Qatar’s interests in Switzerland?

Qatar has different investments in Switzerland through the Qatari sovereign wealth fund, the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), with investments in several sectors totalling close to CHF1 billion, such luxury hotels like the Schweizerhof in Bern and the Bürgenstock Resort on Lake Lucerne. During the financial crisis, it helped shore up Credit Suisse by buying convertible bonds and taking a 5% share in the bank (swissinfo).

The Geneva International Motor Show also signed a deal with Qatar Tourism to bring the popular event to Doha. In 2023 the motor show will take place exclusively in the Qatari city (Gims.swiss).

The World Cup as a driver for economic diversification

Qatar wants to diversify its economy away from fossil fuels, toward a sustainable economy. Hosting the World Cup is part of Qatar National Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and provide a high standard of living for the people. In total, it would be more than 200 billion dollars invested by Qatar to organize one of the biggest sporting events. An event that is expected to generate new activities and boost economic growth.

The State of Qatar has spent 220 billion dollars on infrastructure and giant development projects that have been spent in the 11 years since it won the hosting of the World Cup, and this is the highest number ever spent in the system of this world championship (Al-Jazeera).


Source: DW *Includes spending on infrastructure projects. Values not adjusted for inflation - as of April 2022
For Qatar: The cost of constructing of stadiums, according to official data, is about $7 billion.

Qatar built 8 stadiums according to the latest international standards, namely: Al-Bayt (hosting the opening of the World Cup), Khalifa International, Lusail, Al-Janoub, Education City, Ahmed bin Ali, Al-Thumama, and 974. The cost of constructing of stadiums, according to official data, is about $7 billion.

The Qatari government expects that tourism spending and economic activities associated with this World Cup will add the equivalent of 1.5% to gross domestic product. It is expected that tourism revenues from this tournament will reach about $7.5 billion, according to Capital Economics. Between 1.2 million and 1.7 million fans are expected to arrive in Qatar.

The International Monetary Fund and Bloomberg Agency say that the Qatari economy will reap financial revenues from organizing the World Cup estimated at tens of billions of dollars, including a jump in foreign direct investment in Qatar before and after that world championship. The International Monetary Fund expects economic growth in Qatar to reach 3.4% in 2022 and 2.4% in 2023; Supported and driven by many basic economic factors, including the country's hosting of the World Cup.

Such expectations prompted the Qatari government to aspire to the country becoming a regional centre for business, and even to increase the number of tourists to reach to reach 6 million tourists annually by 2030. Doha is actually a city with one of the fastest-growing hotel and hospitality markets in the world. Over 150 new hotels have been built for the FIFA World Cup. In fact, the World Cup is only one point in the long history of Qatar as a hub for sports and other kinds of cultural activities, all of which makes it an attractive tourist destination (Euronews).

According to Sheikha Alanoud Al Thani, Deputy CEO and Chief Business Officer of the Qatar Financial Centre, a successful World Cup in Qatar is a kind opportunity to put Qatar on the international business and economic map, adding that Qatar's financial commitments into building an infrastructure capable of hosting the World Cup has given many companies a boost, especially in the field of sports technology (Euronews).

The World Cup is a highly effective international marketing platform, that reaches millions of people in over 200 countries around the world. Not all countries have benefited in the same way. The list of the official FIFA partners includes: Adidas (ADS), Coca Cola (KO), Wanda, Hyundai, Kia, Qatar Airways, Qatar Energy and Visa². Switzerland has been able to pull out of the game, in particular thanks to the Swiss company Nüssli, active in the construction of stands. The company has set up a system of air-conditioned and removable stands. The estimated budget is around $700 million.

Criticisms directed at Qatar concerning labour force and relevant regulations

World Cup in Qatar is an object of boycott calls from some politicians and human rights organizations in European countries concerning foreign workers rights.

But Qatar has undergone serious significant domestic reforms. It is the first country in the region to introduce a minimum wage last year and formally abolished the kafala (sponsorship) system for migrant workers.

According to ILO reports, Qatar had undertaken substantial efforts in the areas of labour migration governance, the enforcement of the labour law and access to justice, and strengthening the voice of workers and social dialogue, which have improved the working and living conditions for hundreds of thousands of workers.

In March 2021, Qatar became the first country in the Gulf region to adopt a non-discriminatory minimum wage that applies to all workers, of all nationalities, in all sectors, including domestic work, in addition to legislations concerning occupational safety and health & labour inspection such as the prohibiting of outdoor work between 10 a.m. and 3:30 p.m., access to justice, concerning the labour unions, new legislation has led to the establishment of joint worker-management committees at the enterprise level (ILO).

Qatar’s labour minister responded to the allegations about the conditions of migrant workers involved in construction work for the World Cup, saying a mechanism is already in place for those seeking compensation. “At least $350 million has been given as compensation to workers,” he said.

Rita Schiavi, a former trade unionist with Unia (the largest workers' union in Switzerland), who is familiar with the case of stadium construction sites in Qatar for the World Cup, finds criticism of Qatar too harsh. In an interview published in the daily newspapers of CH Media, she finds that there are many misconceptions about Qatar, before highlighting the evolution of working conditions that she has seen during her visits to Qatar. She pointed out that there are many misconceptions in the West, and prejudices against the Arab-Muslim world, such as the obligation to wear the headscarf (20min)(also look at the reports on SRF of 04.11.2022 and SRF of 10.11.2022).

In a fiery news conference in the Qatari capital on the eve of the tournament, FIFA President Gianni Infantino, attacked European critics on Qatar regarding issues of migrant workers and gay rights. He said, “Who cares about workers’ rights?!, “We in Europe close our borders and do not allow any worker from developing countries to work in our lands legally” he said, noting that there are many who work illegally, while Qatar provides them with this opportunity.

He added: “I have difficulties understanding the criticism. We have to invest in helping these people, in education and to give them a better future and more hope. We should all educate ourselves, many things are not perfect but reform and change takes time”, “I am European. For what we have been doing for 3,000 years around the world, we should be apologising for the next 3,000 years before giving moral lessons,” (Swissinfo³).

Swiss population vision on the World Cup in Qatar
The feeling of the Swiss population has been mixed, with concerns for the welfare of migrant workers, who make up the majority of workers in Qatar (95%). Many Swiss cities have chosen not to install fan zones or public viewings, justifying this decision by Qatar’s workers’ rights record.

Future vision
Finally, whatever scepticism and criticism prevail in the Western countries, Qatar was able to enter history as the first Arab and Muslim country to organize the World Cup, though sending a bright message about the history of the region and the importance of peace and cooperation between the people. Moreover, the World Cup represents a golden opportunity for the country to put itself on the world map changing the country’s image, and cliché about the Arab world, and most importantly, it is a strong tool to transform its economy into a modern, more diversified, highly digitised, and integrated into the global value chain. More is still needed to be done to achieve various urban development projects to achieve the country’s 2030 national vision’s sustainability goals, so creating opportunities and favourable conditions for foreign investors and visitors.

We, at Swiss Arab Entrepreneurs Platform, will be helping the different partners in order to seize the very interesting opportunities offered by the World Cup in Qatar today and in the future.

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1. British company with headquarter in Switzerland, The Guardian (Link).
2. Admiralmarkets (Link).
3. Swissinfo (https://bit.ly/3GWhbyA).

(Read the article on the interview with Mr. Naqi by clicking here)

(بالعربية)

Several decades of cooperation between Switzerland and the Arab states of the Gulf cooperation council led to the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Geneva Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Services (CCIG) and the Federation of GCC Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FGCC).

Mr. Abdulrahim Hassan Naqi signed the MoU on behalf of the Federation of GCC Chambers of Commerce, whereas Mr. Vincent Subilia, Member of the Board of Directors of the World Federation of the International Chamber of Commerce.

The memorandum of understanding provides for cooperation between the two sides to help members of both sides to communicate with each other. A forum for economic cooperation between the two sides is expected to be held for the first time in 2018.

The Secretary General of the FGCC Chambers, Abdul Rahim Naqi, expressed the importance of signing this MoU as a necessary step to boost the cooperation between Switzerland and the Gulf Cooperation Council, which will help facilitate the communication between the two sides and develop the economic relations, so that will serve the common interests.

The signing of the MoU was attended by H.E. Mr. Adel Essa Al-Mahri, Ambassador, permanent observer of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) delegation, and the representative of the Ministry of Economy of the Government of Geneva, as well as representatives from Swiss private sectors such as health and education, banking and wealth management, in addition to other entrepreneurs.

It’s worth mentioning that the Geneva Chamber of Commerce and Industry pays particular attention to the Arabian Gulf region and has carried out several economic trips to the Gulf region during the last period to consolidate the economic links within the business community. The last visit was made in November 2016 by an economic delegation headed by the Mayor of Geneva, also a member of the Swiss National Parliament, Guillaume Barazzone. The delegation has visited several countries of the Arab Gulf States; where we had an interview with the Deputy Director of the Chamber, Vincent Subilia, on this occasion (click here).

Trade data between the two sides indicate the economic importance of the bilateral relations. The Gulf Cooperation Council is the first partner of Switzerland in the Middle East. In the past 10 years, we witnessed a steady increase in trade between the two sides. Trade volume (exports and imports) increased from about $2.5 billion in 2000 to about $25 billion in 2016. The UAE is the largest trading partner of Switzerland, followed by Saudi Arabia. Main commodities exchanged are Gemstones and Precious Metals, pharmaceuticals, watches and electrical machinery.

Mr. Abdulrahim Hassan Naqi presented a fascinating presentation on the economic developments witnessed by GCC countries in the last years, including the main projects and the needs of investment in different sectors.

The GCC has a population of around 47 million, with a GDP per capita of about $33 million. While the gross domestic product of the GCC countries all together was estimated at about 1.6 billion dollars. The oil reserves of the GCC countries accounts for 33% of the world's reserves, compared to 21% of the reserves of gas.

The oil and gas sector is one of the pillars of the economies of the Gulf States, contributing 42% of the GDP and 70% of exports.

The GCC countries are attracting large foreign investments, which have doubled since 2005 to reach $431 billion. In contrast, the GCC countries make many investments abroad, amounting to about $248 billion; this does not include the sovereign wealth funds, which worth about $2.7 trillion.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states are attractive environments for foreign investment due to its political stability, young population, advanced infrastructure, liquidity and broad markets with high levels of purchasing power and the availability of capital.

During his presentation, Mr. Naqi has reviewed investment-stimulating policies in the GCC countries. He pointed out that although the laws on investment stipulate that the foreign investor's share does not exceed 49% of the total investment in the project, the percentage can reach 100% in certain circumstances, especially for projects of developmental importance, serve strategic plans at the national level or projects based on the exploitation of the local raw materials.

Other advantages include the free movement of capital and profits outside the GCC, and the lack of customs duties on commodities in application of the Gulf common market. This applies also to intermediate goods used by the industry such as raw materials, machinery and equipment. GCC market offers is also another advantage, which is the lack of customs on trade with other Arab countries in application of the Arab Free Trade Area Agreement. Also it offers a wider labor market, which provides a variety of competencies from several countries and in all sectors.

In the GCC countries, there are more than 40 industrial zones and free trade zones for industrial and commercial products and services. These zones offer the possibility to fully own the projects and to employ non-national skills; they allows saving time and necessary effort to do business.

With regard to the investment opportunities offered by the GCC countries, several economic sectors offer the following opportunities:

- Construction projects, with investment needs estimated at about $2.43 trillion.

- Telecommunications projects with investment needs estimated at about 893 billion dollars.

- Transportation projects with investment needs estimated at about 387.6 billion dollars.

- Oil and gas projects with investment needs estimated at about 337 billion dollars.

- Electricity projects with investment needs estimated at about 313 billion dollars.

- Industrial projects with investment needs estimated at about 178 billion dollars.

- Projects of banks and insurance with investment needs estimated at about 160 billion dollars.

- Real estate projects with investment needs estimated at about 117 billion dollars.

- Health projects with investment needs estimated at about 71 billion dollars.

In his presentation Mr. Naqi has gone through Saudi Vision 2030 plan. This plan is particularly important because Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Gulf region. It will generate significant changes toward openness to foreign investors.

Finally, the major projects in GCC countries were presented as follows:

- King Abdullah Economic City ($93 billion) project: It aims to establish a new city near the city of Rabigh (about 100 km north of Jeddah). The project includes a new port of 14 km², an industrial area of 62.5 km², a business center with an area of 13.5 km², housing projects with an area of 48 km², as well as luxurious resorts and residences with an area of 27 km².

- Lusail City project (45 billion dollars): It aims to establish a modern city in north of the city of Doha, the capital of the State of Qatar. The total area of ​​the city of Lusail is 38 km². It has 4 islands and 19 commercial, residential and recreational areas. The city has a population of about 200,000 and employs about 170,000 employees, it can accommodate 80,000 visitors, i.e. it has a capacity to accommodate up to 450,000 people. It includes a number of facilities, residential units and office space. It also includes 22 hotels of the highest quality; Lucille includes both a city of energy and a city of soft entertainment.

- Oman Railways Project ($30 billion): It is part of the Gulf railway network, which aims to connect Oman with the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait. The project starts from Salalah in the south to Burimi in the north, passing through the port of Duqm.

This MoU is an important step in light of the significant efforts being made by the GCC countries to diversify their sources of income in order to build a healthy and strong economy. Strengthening the export sector and strengthening trade relations at the international level is therefore important for GCC countries. It contributes to the efforts in developing the industrial and agricultural sectors, increase local added value and joint ventures, support trade exchange and facilitate links between the two sides.