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تعتبر القدرة على الوصول الى خدمة الانترنت من اهم محددات التحول الرقمي، اذ لا يمكن الحديث عن نمو الاقتصاد الرقمي دون التوسع في انتشار خدمة الانترنت، اي انه يوجد ارتباط رئيسي بين مدى انتشار خدمة الانترنت وامكانية التحول الرقمي. ولقد شهد العالم العربي في السنوات الاخيرة نموا كبيرا في معدلات انتشار الانترنت وتدفق البيانات. كما وصلت كل من قطر والامارات العربية المتحدة إلى قائمة أفضل عشرة دول من حيث سرعة الانترنت.

يوضح الجدول التالي اعداد مستخدمي الانترنت في العالم عام 2019 ونسبة المستخدمين الى عدد السكان، ومستخدمي موقع "الفيسبوك"  الذي يتصدر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي من حيث الانتشار في العالم العربي.

 

تعد نسبة انتشار  خدمة الانترنت في العالم العربي الى اجمالي عدد السكان مرتفعة لاسيما اذا ما قورنت باقاليم اخرى، كدول افريقيا جنوب الصحراء، فيما تعتبر نسبة انتشار الانترنت في دول الخليج العربي من اعلى النسب في العالم، فهي توزاي تلك النسبة الموجودة في اكثر الدول تقدما، كالولايات المتحدة الامريكية (96%) وفرنسا (92 ٪) وألمانيا (96 ٪) وغيرها من الدول المتقدمة. إلا أن انتشار الخدمة الانترنت لا يعني بالضرورة ازدهار الاقتصاد الرقمي، فالامر مرتبط بمجموعة من المحددات المتصلة بهذه الخدمة، كمدى جودة خدمة الانترنت نفسها، ومدى تفعيل الخدمات الحكومية الرقمية في الصحة والتعليم والخدمات العامة، والى اي حد تنتشر ثقافة التعامل الرقمي بين المنتجين والمستهلكين، كل تلك المحددات وغيرها تلعب دورا في ادخال عملية انتشار خدمة الانترنت في اطار التحول الرقمي، اي تجعل منها عملية اقتصادية.

يمكن  العودة إلى سلسلة " العالم العربي خطوات نحو التحول الرقمي" لمعرفة المزيد من الاحصاءات والمعلومات حول واقع الاقتصاد الرقمي في العالم العربي وخطوات التحول.

A new World Bank Report finds that Mashreq countries have a unique opportunity to catch up on strengthening the digital economy ecosystem and reposition themselves as strong economic competitors at the regional and interregional levels.

Building the ecosystem of a regional digital economy would greatly benefit from two main comparative advantages these countries enjoy: competitive higher education levels and tech-savvy youth, and a strategic position that allows them to be at the center of advanced service trade and connectivity.

The new report, Mashreq 2.0: Digital Transformation for Inclusive Growth and Jobs, examines the inventory of digital infrastructure in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon.

The report reviews the legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks governing the sector and pins down the obstacles preventing the full development of digital economies. The report also analyzes cross-sectoral digital applications and platforms, namely in the sectors of energy, financial inclusion, e-government, regional trade and logistics, agriculture and skills development. 

“Digital transformation can address some of the most imminent challenges the Mashreq region faces at this critical period, namely the need to foster inclusive growth and create the much-needed jobs for the region’s vibrant youth,” said Saroj Kumar Jha, World Bank Regional Director for the Mashreq. “Recognizing the importance of digital transformation, the World Bank committed back in October 2018 to the Moonshot approach which calls for doubling broadband access by 2021 and expanding access to digital payments.” 

The transformative impact of the digital economy stems from the growth in the billions of data and online transactions that businesses, individuals and governments perform every day. This transformation can bring about efficiencies, allow faster inclusion of lagging economic and social groups and improve governance and transparency.

Disruptive technologies are also increasingly changing the business model of core sectors of the economy, including agriculture, electricity, oil and gas, and industry production. 

Drawing on the expanded World Bank MENA Strategy which prioritizes leveraging technologies for a new digital economy, the Mashreq region has the opportunity to create an infrastructure for the development of a more sophisticated digital economy and capitalize on its large base of digitally literate youth to position itself as the digital hub of the region. 

“Increased contestability is essential to meet the Moonshot Approach targets,” said Carlo Maria Rossotto, World Bank Lead ICT Policy Specialist and lead author of the report.

“Mashreq countries will need to reduce excessive profits by stimulating competition, strengthen regulatory institutions, create regulatory incentives and ensure universal access in broadband through proactive use of public sector subsidies.” 

Broadband infrastructure enables economic growth as it provides easy access to information and increases efficiencies and productivity in the economy.

In fact, boosting broadband penetration alone by 10% would lead to as high as 1.4% GDP growth and significantly boost economic growth and trade integration in the region. The report finds that overall, there remains a considerable gap in the adoption, speed, usage and affordability of fixed broadband services between the Region and emerging economies such as Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria, countries that compare positively in digital economy development.  

On another hand, the development of physical access networks (“last mile” access) will be the area where most policy attention will need to be paid and the area which could attract the largest amount of investment.

The level of investment needed to bring high speed broadband access to 30% of the population of the Mashreq through fiber access (about 13 million households) will be between 4.0bn and 5.2bn. 

The report also finds that the Mashreq region has an extensive regional and backbone broadband infrastructure in place, that is however sub-optimally used, due to a mix of war and instability, complex political economy, and lack of reform at domestic level. 

The region has a strategic geographical position with respect to the global internet infrastructure. Mashreq countries could capitalize on the strategic access to major sea cable links through further liberalization of international gateways and internet exchange points. 

source: worldbank

The force of digitalization is driving the global economy, creating distinct groups of leaders and laggards. Through institutional reform that leverages the advantages of digitalization, the Mashreq can become a vital hub in international data networks.

Furthermore, digital transformation can assuage pressing challenges. It can deliver higher transparency, accelerate lackluster productivity and increase economic opportunities for all, especially the youth of this region. A new report, Mashreq 2.0, charts the roadmap for the region to capitalize on this rapidly emerging opportunity, and assesses the prospect of a digitally integrated regional market.

Outside the dominant paradigms that portray the region in popular media, the Mashreq is the epicenter of the world’s fastest growing data transit market. Data traffic growth within the region will increase at a precipitous 42% compounded annual growth rate from 2016 to 2021.

Influenced by historically intertwined geographic and cultural ties, MENA-Europe data exchange grows at over 50% per year.

The Mashreq’s potential in the digital economy is also evidenced by the many unicorns that have been incubated in the Arab region. Hallmark cases include Maktoub and Souk.com, born in Jordan’s capital, Amman. These digital platforms indicate an evolution in consumer behavior, embracing digital consumption. Another example is Magnitt, an Iraqi startup now hosted in Dubai, which is a marketplace for investors that links 5,500 startup firms with investors across the region.

These examples signal a bright future for the region, but crucially, broadband internet infrastructure is not yet equipped with the capacity to realize this potential. While mobile phones are ubiquitous in the Mashreq, broadband internet paints a different picture. Mashreq countries have a similarly stark disparity between mobile and broadband penetration: Iraq has 95% mobile penetration but only 28% for broadband; Lebanon is less glaring, with 75% mobile penetration and 71% for broadband. Mobile access is also rather uneven in the region: The gender gap in mobile ownership is 11% in Iraq and 21% in Jordan, but only 2% in Egypt or Turkey. Creating a significant bottleneck, all countries in the Mashreq also have a lower fixed download speed than the global average of 55Mbps: Jordan is at 29 Mbps, Iraq at 13 Mbps, and Lebanon at 7Mbps. Mobile download speed is relatively better off: the global average is 25Mbps, and Lebanon is at 40Mbps, Jordan at 15Mbps and Iraq at 6Mbps. Even so, they fall behind best in class examples such as Romania, that has successfully introduced competition and market contestability to achieve 131Mbps (fixed download speed) and 34Mbps (mobile download speed).

The ability to absorb new communications technology is another source of disparity: 4G connectivity is only available to 25% of Iraq’s population, though present in 95% of the population in Jordan and Lebanon. Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) also present a largely untapped opportunity.

To provide Internet connectivity that can augment the data economy, significant investments in key areas of the infrastructure value chain are necessary.

In Iraq, it is estimated that a total of IQD 660.5 billion (US$558.8 million) will be needed to build a robust fixed network in areas afflicted by conflict.

Investment in the ”last mile” broadband infrastructure is also lagging more generally.

Investments to bring high speed broadband access to 30% of the population of the Mashreq (about 13 million households) through fiber access is estimated to be between US$ 4 billion and US$ 5.2 billion. A large part of the investment needed for this fiber buildup can be provided by the private sector, through competitive entrants, or strategically using Private Private Partnerships (PPPs). A good example is Jordan’s planned PPP on the National Broadband Network (NBN), which may crowd in at least $100 million of additional private investment leveraging an existing government fiber network. Considering the significant potential in the region, unlocking such a high quantum of investment is not beyond possibility. In addition to “last mile” broadband infrastructure, improving IXPs in the region can strengthen regional data exchange networks, and unleash at least US $200 million in investment.

Digital ecosystems can leverage high level of education in the region, including digital literacy, and a strategic geographic position as a central node in advanced service trade. Boosting broadband penetration alone by 10% would have a significant impact on GDP growth, estimated to be as high as 1.4%. This could give a significant boost to economic growth and trade integration in the region. However, this is only one piece of the puzzle.

Where the Mashreq’s regional and backbone broadband infrastructure is extensive, it remains sub-optimally used, due to intricacies in the political economy context, and lack of credible rules and institutions. Institutional reform to increase contestability is essential. Compelling priorities include: a) deepening competition to eliminate rents; b) strengthening regulatory institutions; c) creating regulatory incentives, including a Fiber Regulatory Package (FRP), to facilitate fiber investment; and d) ensuring universal access to broadband through proactive use of the public sector, and fast-track a timetable towards frontier technologies such as 5G.

Implementing these reforms would position the Mashreq to become a digital hub for the region, leveraging the full potential of the new digital economy for MENA, fully embracing innovation and entrepreneurship, creating opportunities for its technology savvy youth.

source: .worldbank

The Global Economic Conditions Survey (GECS) shows that global economic confidence remained low in Q1 2019, despite rising for the first time in a year.

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) and the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) said that they expect a 3.5 per cent economic growth in the Middle East in 2019.

Fazeela Gopalani, the Head of ACCA Middle East, said, “While confidence was especially weak in our region at the end of last year, we are seeing a really positive start to 2019 and in the first quarter confidence has rebounded abruptly.”

Economic growth in the region will be supported by the regulatory and fiscal landscape, especially in the UAE and Saudi Arabia markets, which continue to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and have recently seen an increase in international acquisition such as the merger between UAE-based Careem and Uber.

“With the regional visions of Saudi Arabia and the UAE now in their implementation phases, the Middle East economy is set to grow at a positive rate after a general slowdown,” said Hanadi Khalife, Director, MEA and India operations at IMA.

GECS stated that the significant bounce in 2019 will be aided by the strong recovery in oil prices, however it remains to be seen how sustainable the rise in oil prices is given the slowing global economy, which is likely to exert downward pressure on prices.

Source: bankerme

UK-based Jupiter Asset Management said that the Middle East financial services industry is ready to adopt technology disruptions as rapid developments in financial technology, new regulations to improve transparency and the rise of digital savvy millennials support an irreversible global trend towards financial innovation.

Banks and financial institutions in the GCC region are showing considerable promise in adopting financial innovation as well as collaborating with fintech firms to digitalise operations and provide new solutions to customers.

Guy de Blonay, the Fund Manager at Jupiter Asset Management, said, “Across the Middle East, and particularly in the GCC, financial services providers are demonstrating a commitment to innovation, securing a number of partnerships with fintech providers as well as adopting the latest technologies from cybersecurity tools to payment platforms and working with regulators to increase access to new technologies.

Jupiter Asset Management stated that financial innovators in the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, receives support from a Sandbox regulatory environment to facilitate the impact of new technologies as well as supporting firms in testing innovative solutions.

The establishment of fintech incubation programmes such as Dubai International Financial Centre’s (DIFC) FinTech Hive and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority’s (SAMA) Fintech Saudi, demonstrates the GCC bloc’s readiness to provide an environment for growth of emerging technology companies, added Jupiter Asset Management.

Additionally, the recent London IPO of Network International and Careem’s merger with Uber further highlights the region’s capacity to provide a fintech ecosystem for growth of world-leading technology firms.

Source: bankerme

من المتوقع أن ينخفض معدل النمو الاقتصادي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا انخفاضا طفيفا إلى 1.5% عام 2019 من 1.6% عام 2018، وفقا لتقرير جديد صادر عن البنك الدولي. وعلى الرغم من انخفاض النمو هذا العام، من المتوقع أن يشهد معدل النمو الإقليمي زيادة معتدلة إلى 3.4% في 2020 و2.7% في 2021.

يشير التقرير، والذي صدر اليوم، إلى أن النمو المتوقع في المنطقة تتصدره البلدان النامية المستوردة للنفط مثل مصر، التي تشكل نحو 8% من إجمالي الناتج المحلي للمنطقة، والتي من المتوقع أن تحقق نموا بنسبة 5.5% في عام 2019، وبمعدلات أعلى في 2020-2021. ومن المتوقع أن يصل النمو في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي إلى 2.1% في 2019. إن انتعاش النمو في مصر ودول مجلس التعاون هو نتيجة جزئية وغير مباشرة لسياسات الإصلاح المحلية. وفي الوقت نفسه، فإن تراجع النمو المتوقع في أكبر أسواق صادرات المنطقة وهي الاتحاد الأوروبي والولايات المتحدة والصين، سيكون له تأثير سلبي عليها.

وقال فريد بلحاج نائب رئيس البنك الدولي لمنطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا: "إننا نحث المنطقة على تبني إصلاحات طموحة". "هناك حاجة ملحة اليوم للنهوض بإصلاحات لتحسين الإنتاجية وتشجيع الابتكار والمنافسة. سيكون هناك 300 مليون شاب في الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا يتطلعون لدخول سوق العمل بحلول عام 2050. ولا يمكن للمنطقة أن تنجح إلا إذا عالجت العوائق الهيكلية أمام النمو. ونلاحظ اليوم أن البلدان التي تبنت إجراءات صعبة لتنفيذ إصلاحات تتعلق بالسياسات هي المحرك للنمو الاقتصادي في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا. "

ولا يغير الانتعاش الطفيف المتوقع في النمو في السنوات المقبلة الصورة طويلة الأجل للنمو الباهت لنصيب الفرد من إجمالي الناتج المحلي والعجز المستمر في المعاملات الجارية في عدة بلدان نامية في المنطقة.  يشهد الكثير من البلدان المستوردة للنفط عجزا كبيرا ومستمرا في التجارة والمعاملات الجارية منذ أكثر من عقد. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، تمتعت البلدان المصدرة للنفط في المنطقة تاريخيا بفوائض كبيرة في المعاملات الجارية، لكن هذا الوضع تغير في السنوات القليلة الماضية. وحد التدهور في الأرصدة الخارجية من قدرة المنطقة على إعادة توزيع الوفورات من البلدان المصدرة للنفط مرتفعة الدخل إلى البلدان النامية التي تعاني من عجز مستمر في المعاملات الجارية، وخاصة منذ إعادة الهيكلة العالمية لسوق النفط في عام 2014.

يبرز التقرير الجديد وعنوانه "الإصلاحات والاختلالات الخارجية: الصلة بين العمالة والإنتاجية في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا" الحاجة الملحة إلى المزيد من الإصلاحات الهيكلية التي يمكن أن ترفع إجمالي إنتاجية العمالة من أجل زيادة النمو وتقليل الاختلالات الخارجية في المنطقة في آن واحد.

وذكر رباح أرزقي، رئيس الخبراء الاقتصاديين لمنطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا في البنك الدولي والمؤلف الرئيسي للتقرير: "ينبغي أن تحقق بلدان منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا ضعف معدلاتها الحالية من النمو على الأقل. ولإفساح الطريق للاستفادة من إمكاناتها غير المستغلة، يتعين على المنطقة تحويل اقتصادها، وتعزيز روح التنافس في السوق، واعتماد نهج لانطلاقة كبرى في الاقتصاد الرقمي".

ويدفع التقرير بأن العجز الزائد الحالي في المعاملات الجارية يجب أن يتقلص تدريجيا، بدلا من الانتظار حتى تفرض التراجعات في تدفقات رؤوس الأموال تغييرا في اتجاه العجز في المعاملات الجارية على بلدان المنطقة.

ويؤكد التقرير أن كلا من التغيرات السكانية وإجمالي إنتاجية العمالة هي المحركات الأساسية لرصيد المعاملات الجارية في أي اقتصاد. وهناك حاجة ماسة لتنفيذ إصلاحات هيكلية من أجل تحقيق زيادة في إجمالي إنتاجية العمالة. وتشمل هذه الإصلاحات: إصلاح مصروفات الموازنة التي يمكن أن تساعد من خلال زيادة وفورات المالية العامة، وتعزيز إنتاجية العمالة عندما يعرقل الدعم المنافسة في السوق، والإصلاحات التجارية التي تهدف إلى خفض تكاليف التجارة بما يتجاوز التعريفات الجمركية للمساعدة في دمج المنطقة في سلاسل القيمة العالمية، وإصلاحات سوق العمل لتعزيز إنتاجية العمالة مع توفير شبكة ضمان للعمال الذين فقدوا وظائفهم، والإصلاحات الذكية في الشركات المملوكة للدولة في صناعات الشبكات، مثل الطاقة والاتصالات، وذلك للمساعدة في تحسين كفاءة الشركات وكذلك زيادة إجمالي إنتاجية العمالة.

المصدر: البنك الدولي

اللغة العربية)

Economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is set to drop slightly to 1.5 percent in 2019 from 1.6 percent in 2018, according to a new World Bank report. Despite the fall in growth this year, regional growth is expected to see a modest uptick to 3.4 percent in 2020 and 2.7 percent in 2021.

The World Bank’s latest bi-annual MENA Economic Update, launched today, says the expected growth in the region is led by developing oil importers, such as Egypt, which accounts for roughly 8 percent of MENA’s GDP, with a forecast at 5.5 percent in 2019, and higher in 2020-2021 Growth in GCC economies is expected to reach 2.1 percent in 2019.

The revival of growth in Egypt and the GCC is partly and indirectly the result of domestic reform policies. Meanwhile, the expected growth slowdown of MENA’s largest export markets, namely, the EU, US and China, will have a negative effect on the region.

“We’re challenging the region to embrace ambitious reforms,” said Ferid Belhaj, World Bank Vice President for the Middle East and North Africa Region. “There’s an urgency today for reforms to improve productivity and encourage innovation and competition.

The Middle East and North Africa will have 300 million young people looking to enter the job market by 2050.

The region can only succeed if it addresses the structural impediments to growth. We see that the countries that have taken difficult measures to implement policy reforms are the drivers of economic growth in MENA today.”

The modest expected pickup in growth in the upcoming years does not change the long-term picture of lackluster growth of GDP per capita and persistent current account deficits in several developing economies of MENA. Many oil-importing countries have been running large and persistent trade and current account deficits for more than a decade. In contrast, MENA’s oil exporters have historically had large current account surpluses, but that has changed in recent years. The deterioration in external balances has limited the ability of the region to recirculate savings from high-income oil exporters to developing economies with persistent current account deficits, most notably since the global restructuring of the oil market in 2014.

The new Bank report, entitled Reforms and External Imbalances: The Labor-Productivity Connection in the Middle East and North Africa, lays out the urgent need for more structural reforms that can raise aggregate labor productivity to simultaneously raise growth and reduce external imbalances in the region.

MENA countries should be growing at least at twice the rates they currently do,” said Rabah Arezki, World Bank Chief Economist for the Middle East and North Africa Region and lead author of the report.

“To awaken its untapped potential, the region must transform its economies, strengthen market contestability, and adopt a moonshot approach to the digital economy.”

Existing excess current account deficits must shrink gradually, the report argues, rather than wait until souring capital flows force current account deficit reversals upon MENA economies.

The report affirms that both demographic changes and aggregate labor productivity are fundamental drivers of an economy’s current account balance. Structural reforms are urgently needed to raise aggregate labor productivity. These reforms include: fiscal-expenditure reforms that can help by both increasing fiscal savings and enhancing labor productivity when subsidies prevent market contestability; trade reforms aimed at lowering trade costs beyond tariffs to help integrate MENA in global value chains; labor market reforms to enhance labor productivity while also providing a safety net for displaced workers; and smart reforms in State Owned Enterprises in network industries, such as energy and telecoms to help improve the efficiency of the firms as well as raise aggregate labor productivity.

Source: worldbank

With the high smartphone penetration rates and large young population, the GCC region continued to experience strong growth in mobile transactions in 2018, according to the 2018 Travel Insights Report jointly released today by Cleartrip and Flyin. The market recorded a 110% increase in mobile bookings as they represented one-third of all transactions.

The 2018 Travel Insights Report provides a comprehensive overview of the online travel sector in the GCC, as well as highlights significant shifts in the market dynamics and consumer behavior.

The market saw variations in average airfares as well as travelers' preferences in destinations, trip duration, and payment methods. Key findings of the report covering the January-December period include the sustained expansion of the industry, the rising trend of mobile traffic in major cities, and the growing popularity of travel coupons among travelers.

Sameer Bagul, Executive Vice President & Managing Director, Cleartrip Middle East, said: “We are excited to launch the fourth edition of the Travel Insights Report on the region’s online travel sector. Offering an exclusive and deeper understanding of the underlying trends in the market and consumer behavior, our report has established itself as one of the most respected and trusted sources for insights into the industry. The actionable data we provide will help travellers to plan and book their trips efficiently and enable businesses to develop solutions that cater to the evolving needs and expectations of customers. We will continue to explore new ways to further enhance our comprehensive survey and look forward to releasing our H1 2019 Travel Insights Report.”

“With advancements in mobile technology making travel more accessible to the region’s growing population, the online travel industry is headed for a new phase of growth. As reflected in our study, travelers' preferences are constantly changing, and therefore, it has become imperative for online travel agents to make investments into newer technologies such as machine learning and utilizing block chain capabilities to drive bespoke personalization and superior user experience. When we launched our mobile Progressive Web App (PWA) in 2018 our conversion rates increased by 67% as we continue to help consumers seamlessly make their travel bookings,” Mr. Bagul added.

Changing payment method preferences

Even though credit card still remains the dominant payment method in the online travel market, debit card transactions are on the rise. In the Kingdom, which has seen a spike in the adoption and usage of debit card after its central bank, Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA), enabled the country’s made cardholders for online shopping last year, travel bookings using debit cards surged 280% year-on-year (Y-o-Y) to account for 45% of all bookings. In the UAE credit card transactions dipped to 72% from 81% in the previous year and debit cards usage increased from 19% to 28%.

Growing mobile penetration

Owing to the rising popularity of digital wallets and mobile apps, mobile transactions are quickly gaining traction among travelers. In Saudi Arabia, which had the highest rate of Mobile Booking Penetration (MBP) in the region, mobile bookings accounted for 38% with a massive rise of 233% from the previous year. Meanwhile, the number of transactions made on mobile devices increased by 56% in the UAE, whereas Oman recorded the second highest MBP in the region at 34%. Among mobile bookings in the Kingdom iOS share was higher at 71% compared to Android devices share of 29%. The company expects this number to grow in 2019 as ApplePay™ was launched in Saudi Arabia earlier this year.

Mobile has become a popular channel for travel planning and booking in major cities in the region. Kuwait City and Riyadh had the highest rates of mobile traffic and bookings at 81% and 40% respectively. Bahrain, Muscat and Dubai were also among the leading markets for mobile visitors in the 2018 Travel Insights Report.

Trending destinations

Reflecting their growing appetite for novel experiences, the region’s discerning travellers made trips to a wide variety of destinations within the GCC and overseas. Islamabad, Lahore and Brussels topped the list of trending international destinations for travellers in the UAE, while domestic travellers in Saudi Arabia favoured Gizan, Abha and Ha’il. Meanwhile, Istanbul remained among the leading family travel destinations during both summer and winter seasons.

Airfares in a flux

As crude oil prices continued to fluctuate in 2018, the region’s leading markets saw significant changes in airfare pricing. Average ticket prices were 10% and 6% higher in Bahrain and Kuwait respectively, while Saudi Arabia experienced an overall price decline of 7% due to growth of low-cost carriers such as flyadeal. As some of the large airlines reduced capacity from Kuwait, it recorded the highest average fare per person at USD 281, while Oman had the lowest in the region at USD 192.

Some routes originating from the region have seen fluctuations in airfares last year. While Jeddah-Dubai recorded the highest increase at 25%, the Jeddah-Cairo route witnessed the greatest decline in airfares at 19%. In addition, micro-trips have taken off as a new trend in the region’s travel industry. Ha’il and Kuwait appeared to be the cheapest getaways from Riyadh and Dubai respectively last year.

The report also indicates that Sunday is the cheapest day for travel, whereas prices increase on Thursday. Furthermore, February is the ideal month for budget travellers with average fares falling 16%.

Sustained market growth

With lower airfares, increased connectivity and fewer travel barriers, the GCC continues to witness an increase in the number of travellers. In 2018, the industry posted a robust Y-o-Y growth of 7%, while Saudi Arabia emerged as the fastest growing market with a solid 10% expansion.

Source: menaherald

 

4 Ecommerce Trends to Watch Carefully for in 2019

As the online retail space grows ever more competitive, entrepreneurs will need to adapt.

Ecommerce enjoyed a record-breaking year in 2018, with global sales revenues estimated to have reached $2.8 trillion, according to Statista. This year, this figure is expected to rise to $3.5 trillion. To put this in perspective, if the ecommerce industry were a country, it would slot into the fifth spot, ahead of the United Kingdom, whose GDP as of April 2018 was $2.61 trillion.

With such eye-opening figures, it’s little wonder there’s so much excitement surrounding the future of online retail. Amid all the hype about ecommerce, it’s easy to forget that this segment accounts for just 11.9 percent of the total retail sales around the world. Therefore, the market holds an extraordinary capacity for growth over the next decade. 

Below, I identify the four trends that ecommerce entrepreneurs should pay the closest attention to: 

1. Smaller businesses using big data 

Yes, we’ve heard quite a lot about big data over the past two years, but it’s not going away. As more people come to grips with this new resource, this effort will increasingly separate the successful from the less successful ecommerce businesses. And this division will not be limited to behemoth ecommerce businesses either, because mid-range competitors too are now using their data reserves to mine unique insights. 

Big data, in fact, helps entrepreneurs analyze shopping behavior, trends and what products it is that are selling. It's been proven to help ecommerce businesses make improvements in customer service, security and mobile commerce. It also powers the AI which is revolutionizing the industry (more on this below).  

In short, big data is likely to power future developments in your ecommerce business. If you are planning on staying in the industry long term, you would be wise to study the latest developments.  

2. Excellent customer service 

Shoppers are growing used to the convenience of ecommerce, and entrepreneurs need to ensure that the customer experience meets those people's growing expectations. The purchasing journey needs to be smooth, reassuring and secure. Stores also need to be quick to respond to queries and resolve issues. 

One American Express study has found that more than half of Americans surveyed had canceled a purchase due to bad service. But take heart; you needn't be the entrepreneur on the other end of that type of transaction. Instead, there are a number of ways you can deliver outstanding customer service: 

Ensure a smooth checkout: Too many ecommerce stores still have unnecessarily drawn-out checkouts. Consider whether you need any more than two stages, i.e., you can fill in the details on one page; then confirm those details and items on the next.  

Be responsive: Whether it’s on social media or your website or via email or phone, your business should respond to any queries in a timely and professional manner. An increasing number of stores offer live chat on their sites, and the response of customers has been overwhelmingly positive. 

Deliver a personalized experience: Use your customer’s browsing and purchase history to deliver a personalized shopping experience. This is something Amazon has turned into an art form in recent years, directing its customers to the products that are most relevant to them and that they are more likely to buy.  

Listen to your customers: Be proactive in looking for feedback and asking your customers about their experience. By asking for feedback, you’ll shape a more holistic view of your business and how it is perceived. Don’t be afraid to address criticism, either, even if it’s in public. In this way, you'll identify your weaknesses and prove to customers that you take complaints seriously. 

Above all, understand that providing excellent customer service is no longer a bonus for an ecommerce business. It’s now the norm. 

3. Enhanced AI 

Without good, well-ordered data, you will not be able to embrace the latest technologies that can drive revenue to your ecommerce store. AI is already evident in many ecommerce stores. Those automated live chatbots, advanced data analytics and inventory management tools? They are all powered by AI.  

However, there are examples of stores taking it to the next level to deliver a highly personalized experience. Outdoor wear brand, The North Face, has recently unveiled a digitalized personal shopper which can guide customers to products. There are also voice search and mobile shopping, which enable people to shop on the move. 

4. Improved personalization 

One of the factors behind Amazon’s success is its advanced product recommendations algorithm, which drives up to 35 percent of the company’s total sales. Using the buyer’s shopping habits, interests and even browsing history, the ecommerce giant is able to promote the products the buyer is most likely to purchase. 

Looking beyond Amazon, product recommendation engines have proven effective at delivering a personalized shopping experience and driving up revenue for stores. The key is to place those recommendations at optimum points in the purchasing process.

First, ensure you have recommended products visible to your shoppers on the home page or after the point that they sign in. Then, once they have added items to their basket, ensure you have suggested complementary items. You can also suggest items at checkout.  

Final thoughts

Entrepreneurs who take the proactive approach, embrace the latest advances in tech and make use of data will reap the rewards in ecommerce. As AI becomes more mainstream, it is essential that ecommerce business owners take personalization to the next level. Simply having a product recommendation plugin is no longer enough; you need to be proactive and utilize tools in the right way, with well-curated data, to maximize their potential.

Source: entrepreneur

 

  

De nos jours, on dit beaucoup de choses sur la 4e Révolution Industrielle. Au cours des deux derniers siècles, le monde a traversé trois révolutions industrielles. La première révolution industrielle a débuté en Angleterre à la fin du 18e siècle, avec l’utilisation de la force de l’eau et de la vapeur dans le but de mécaniser la production. La seconde révolution fit son arrivée au début du 20e siècle lorsque Henry Ford a maîtrisé la ligne d’assemblage en mouvement et introduit l’âge de la production de masse.

Ces deux révolutions industrielles ont créé une richesse telle que l’histoire n’a jamais connu et ont rendu les gens plus riches et plus urbains. En réalité, nous assistons à une troisième révolution avec l’utilisation de l’électronique et des technologies de l’information pour automatiser la production.

Le monde attend maintenant avec impatience la quatrième. Selon le Forum Économique Mondial, la quatrième révolution industrielle se construit sur la troisième, la révolution digitale qui s’est produite depuis le milieu du siècle dernier. Elle est caractérisée par une fusion des technologies qui brouille les lignes entre le physique, le digital et les sphères biologiques. Encore selon le Forum Économique Mondial il y a trois raisons pour lesquelles les transformations d’aujourd’hui ne représentent pas seulement une prolongation de la troisième révolution mais plutôt l’arrivée d’une quatrième, distincte : la vitesse, la portée et l’impact des systèmes.

 

 

La vitesse des percées actuelles n’a aucun précédent historique. Comparée aux précédentes révolutions industrielles, la quatrième évolue à un rythme exponentiel plutôt que linéaire. De plus, elle perturbe presque toutes les industries dans tous les pays. Et la largeur et la profondeur de ces changements annoncent la transformation de systèmes entiers de production, de gestion et de gouvernance.

En réalité, c’est l’évolution qui est intéressante car en fait les économistes ont dû apprendre pendant des décennies comment intégrer de nouveaux éléments à chaque stade dans le but d’accroître le “bien être social”. Par exemple, la nouvelle théorie classique s’est focalisée sur la réalisation de l’efficacité, la pensée maximisant le profit. La croissance économique fut le sommet de ses objectifs jusqu’à ce que les économistes découvrent l’importance d’inclure une autre dimension dans le but d’atteindre une répartition plus égale de la richesse et du revenu car la réalisation de la croissance économique en soi, bien que essentielle, n’est pas suffisante parce qu’elle ne signifie pas nécessairement un “bien-être social” plus élevé.

Malheureusement, l’avidité et l’usage excessif des ressources pour satisfaire les besoins illimités de l’homme ont mené à de sérieux dommages à l’environnement; déversements de pétrole, désertification, pollution de l’air, disparition des espèces ainsi que le problème le plus grave du réchauffement climatique. Ces phénomènes furent identifiés par les économistes comme étant la conséquence directe de la "tragédie des biens communs". Les économistes s’accordent sur la nécessité d’adopter un schéma de développement durable, les dimensions économiques, sociales et environnementales vont de pair.

Mais encore une fois cela ne suffit plus car concilier tous les objectifs et vivre en harmonie au sein d’un environnement sain doit inclure le côté éthique. Les voix qui s’élèvent actuellement font valoir le besoin de prendre en compte les aspects éthiques des activités économiques. En effet, la tendance économique actuelle qui nourrit l’émergence de la soi-disant quatrième révolution industrielle qui affectera tous les aspects de notre vie, notamment en raison de la connaissance technologique et de la prépondérance du rôle des machines dans nos vies en particulier les robots, ne laisse aucun doute sur le besoin de déterminer un cadre éthique à notre économie et nos activités industrielles.

 

 

Récemment, l’Hebdo Magazine a publié un article dédié au rôle grandissant de Google, Facebook, Apple et  d’autres entreprises “du savoir” de notre vie, intitulé “Le monde selon Google et Facebook” qui a principalement mis en lumière le rôle de l'algorithme dans notre vie considéré comme le maître de la 4e révolution industrielle, avec cette principale question “Livrent-ils avec eux la promesse d’un monde meilleur au sein duquel les robots libéreront les homme du travail ?”. Ces algorithmes produisent des mondes qui dépendent de la vision de ceux qui les ont créés, c’est à dire la Silicon Valley, même s’ils sont un outil qui répond à leurs objectifs. Les algorithmes sont même considérés comme un facteur important dans le secteur politique.

La victoire de Donald Trump est considérée comme un bon exemple en la matière. Les algorithmes sont pris comme coupables depuis qu’ils ont créé un environnement biaisé où l’information fut donnée aux utilisateurs en fonction de leurs préférences, ce qui les prive de l’entièreté de l’image. Hebdo conclut son article en affirmant que “l’issue du débat n’est pas technique mais plutôt à la fois éthique, politique, économique et philosophique.

En considérant que la 4e révolution industrielle ouvre notre esprit à l’imagination, cette dernière serait la clé d’une telle révolution si la machine était notre “esclave”, capable d’exécuter nos ordres. Alors cette révolution aiderait le producteur à en savoir davantage sur la demande des consommateurs, ou inversement les consommateurs auraient-ils des informations complètes sur le type de produits, sur les prix, les composants comme les aspects éthiques du processus de production en un clic sur le code-barres.

Il n’y a donc pas de bonne ou de mauvaise technologie, la question devrait-être comment pouvons-nous gérer cette révolution dans le bons sens afin de répondre à nos besoin et d’atteindre le bien-être social. En réalité, pour répondre à cette question, nous devons être capable de choisir quoi produire, comment et par qui, et comment pouvons-nous partager la richesse générée par cette méthode révolutionnaire de production.

Si cette révolution attribuait des rôles aux machines et aux systèmes électroniques dans le but de faciliter la production et la distribution, le contrôle de la qualité et l'efficacité, alors les hommes pourraient-ils enfin être libres du travail ? Ou cela serait-il un outil puissant vers une dictature de la machine sur les humains ?

A première vue, cela  ne signifie pas que l’humanité n’aura rien à faire mais elle pourra attribuer plus de temps à des activités plus fondamentales de l’être humain qui distinguent la machine des humains ; comme passer du temps avec la famille et les amis, la méditation ou la réflexion.

En réalité, j’ai été inspiré d’une histoire que j’ai entendue à propos d’un chauffeur de taxi à Londres, qui a été confronté à la question du danger des nouvelles technologies dans son travail. Lorsqu’on lui a demandé s’il pensait qu’il devrait trouver un autre emploi si un robot pouvait être introduit dans le secteur des taxis, sa réponse fut “alors je m’occuperai de mes parents”. Une réponse très simple pour une question très complexe. Mais cette réponse instinctive pourrait, en réalité, être la bonne. Si les machines pouvaient intervenir dans les emplois exécutifs, alors quel travail serait meilleur que le fait d’être un humain puisque le robot n’est qu’une machine, incapable de qualités humaines fondamentales telles que l’émotion et l’empathie.

Bien qu’avec la révolution digitale actuelle, qui a permis à la 4e révolution industrielle d’être inclusive, j’ai bien peur que rien ne change en termes de leadership. Car nous avons besoin d’inclure les micro-organismes, principalement les petites et moyennes entreprises tout autant que les consommateurs et les particuliers, dans le processus afin d’avoir un rôle dans la refonte de l’économie. Notre vie quotidienne est déjà construite autour du modèle actuel où les multinationales et les grandes entreprises font ce genre de manœuvres.

Avec une telle révolution, nous avons besoin de renforcer la dimension éthique en lien avec la croissance économique et le développement durable, ce qui restaurera à terme la dignité de l’homme en tant que maître de la machine et non pas l’inverse.

 

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